AP Biology Ch 51: Behavioral Biology Vocabulary

the study of animal behavior in natural conditions.

a sequence of behavioral acts that is especially unchangeable and usually carried to completion once initiated. pg.

1124

a FAP that is triggered by an external sensory stimulus. pg. 1124

the research field that views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the ecological conditions of animals. pg 1126

food obtaining behaviors including not only eating, but the mechanism animal uses to recognize, search for and capture food. pg.

1127

the basis for analyzing foraging behavior as a compromise of feeding costs verses feeding benefits. pg. 1127

the modification of behavior (behavioral change) resulting from specific experiences. pg. 1128

behavior that changes because of ongoing developmental changes in neuromuscular systems. pg 1129

a very simple type of learning that involves loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information.

pg. 1129

learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal's life and is generally irreversible; a learned behavior with a significant innate component, aired during a critical period. pg 1129

a limited phase in an individual animal's development when learning of particular behaviors can take place. pg. 1130

the ability of animals to associate one stimuli with another.

ex.: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. pg. 1132

type of associative learning where the animal learns to associate an arbitrary stimulus with a reward or punishment. pg.

1132

type of associative learning where the animal learns to associate one of it's own behaviors with a reward or punishment. pg. 1132

behavior that has no apparent external goal but involves movements closely associated with goal-directed behaviors. pg.

1132

the ability of an animal's nervous system to perceive, store, process, and use information gathered by sensory receptors. Consciousness, or awareness. pg. 1133

the study of animal cognition examines the connection between an animal's nervous system and it's behaviors. pg. 1134

a simple change in activity or turning rate in response to stimuli.

pg. 1134

movement toward or away from a stimulus. pg. 1134

a point of reference for orientation during navigation. pg.

1134

an internal representation (within the nervous system) , or code, of the spatial relationship among objects in an animal's surroundings. pg.1134

regular movement over relatively long distances. pg.1134

ay kind of interaction between two or more animals, usually of the same species.

pg. 1137

the study of social behavior based on evolutional theory. pg. 1137

a type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates. pg.

1138

a type of symbolic activity. pg 1138

post-conflict behavior that renews friendly relations. pg. 1138

a linier "pecking order" of animals, where positions dictate characteristic social behaviors. pg.

1138

an area that an individual or individuals defend and from which other members of the same species are usually excluded. pg. 1138

behavior patterns that lead up to copulation or gamete release. pg.

1140

the time and resources and individual must spend to produce and nurture offspring. pg.1141

mating with no strong pair bonds or lasting relationships. pg.

1142

mating were the mates stay together for longer periods of time.; one male with one female. pg. 1142

a type of relationship in which an individual of one sex mates with several of the other. Two types are progeny and polyandry. pg.

1142

a polygamous mating system involving one male and many females. pg.1142

a polygamous mating system involving one female and many males. pg.1142

a behavior that causes a change in behavior in another animal.

pg.1142

the transmission of, reception of, and response to signals. pg.1142

a small, volatile chemical signal (odor) that functions in communication between animals and acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior.

pg.1143

behavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual. pg.1145

the total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to increase the production of their offspring. pg.

1146

equals the probability that a particular gene present in one individual will also be inherited from a common parent or ancestor in a second individual. pg.1146

the principle that for natural selection to favor an altruistic act, the benefit to the recipient, devalued (multiplied) by the coefficient of relatedness, must exceed cost to altruist. ( rB > C ) pg.1146

a phenomenon of inclusive fitness, used to explain altruistic behavior between related individuals. pg.

1147

altruistic behavior between unrelated individuals, whereby the current altruistic individual benefits in the future when the current beneficiary reciprocates. pg.1147