Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy/Social Learning Theory

(CBT) views emotional and behavioral consequences as a result of cognitions. posits that people's feelings and behaviors are based on how they think (cognitions).

is seen as an enduring set of behavioral and emotional responses to stimuli that stem from ingrained, idiosyncratic ways of thinking. CBT holds that individuals have innate dispositions that interact with the environment to shape their responses and worldviews

is to teach clients about how they think so they can correct faulty reasoning

is psychoeducation and the emphasis is on developing skills for managing specific problems

(a) identification of dysfunctional and distorted cognitions; (b) self-monitoring of negative thoughts, or "self-talk"; (c) identification of the relationships between thoughts, underlying beliefs, and feelings; (d) identification of alternative thinking patterns; and (e) personal hypothesis testing regarding the validity of basic assumptions about self, world, and future

include skills training, assertiveness training, relaxation techniques, and training in areas such as life skills, social skills, communication, role-play, systematic desensitization, flooding, thought-stopping, and cognitive modification

work collaboratively with clients and develop a mutual relationship with therapeutic rapport. Empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard are considered necessary for change, but not necessary

posited that the influence of environmental events on behavior is largely determined by cognitive processes.

is based on a reciprocal determinism model that suggests that there are three interacting factors that contribute to behavior: (a) external stimulus events, (b) external reinforcement, and (c) cognitive mediational processes

involves the reciprocal interaction between behavior, cognition, and the environment. In social learning theory, the person is the agent of change, emphasizing that individuals have the ability for self-directed behavior change