Philosophy Unit 5

free from external forces and outer limitations-example: free to walk outside-example: not free to dunk a basketball.

Circumstance defines your freedom

free from internal forces or any limitations-example: free to think-But are we really allowed to think? -example: Am I a philosphy teacher because of all my life experiences?-example of what not-not free to choose my height-biological, metaphysical or etc that are contributing to my freedom

that every event including every human action is a necessary result of prior causes.

this Determinism is true and there is no free will-what i choose to do is determined by prior events, or biologies or other forces-Either determined or I have free will-we are not morally responsible since we're not free-have no problem with mental illness go, shouldn't be held responsible for killing if one is insane or mentally disabled.

-Determinism is true and internal causes are free-a person is real inside themselves-we are morally responsible-Determinism and free will are compatible

Systems of NatureHe argues that human beings are wholly physical entities and therefore wholly subject to the laws of nature.We have free will (views as modifications of the brain) but our free will is not free because it necessarily seeks our well-being and self preservation.

Every human action, just like every other occurence in nature is "a necessary consequence of causes, visible or concealed, that are forced to act according to their proper natures"

he says Actions are determined and free (if "free" means caused by psychological state of the agent. I am free to choose and determined at the same timeFree will means indeterminism

-"firms up" soft determinism-modifies Stace's theory: claims that an action caused by a psychological state free only if the person has control over that state. -control need not be all or nothing; it is often a matter of degree -we have at least some control over many of our beliefs and desires, many of our actions are free to some extent. -Human freedom is closely tied to social and political freedom

-determinism might be true-free will is true-differences with soft determinism is commitment to determinism (might or might not be true) Soft determinism is true.

-wrote On bullshit-We need to say we are free to account for morality-PAP: principle of alternative possibilities-how we should hold ourselves morally responsible

-human beings can, in some situations, make free choices.-different from political use; both related to freedom-Determinism is false-Free will is real or true-Free will and determinism are incompatible

presents an indeterminist defense of libertarianism. Since we can't prove neither determinism (hard or soft) nor indeterminism, indeterminism is more plausible because it is a better judgement of regret.

"Freedom and Determinism" - defends libertarism - does not believe in soft determinism-addresses the question of whether any of our actions are free-He rejects soft determinism because saying that a person's action was free implies that he or she could have acted otherwise-Also rejects simple indeterminism (free will) because it is at odds with our ordinary notion of responsiblity.

-"theory of agency"-free actions are those caused by the person (agent). A free action is not caused by something within the person (desire) but by the person as a whole.

-the idea of free will is contradictory or incoherent-free will is impossible...no free will-determinism might be true or false-unpopular position