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IntroductionBehaviorism is replace by cognitive psychology.Social Cognitive Learning Theory gave behaviorism a new life. Albert Bandurabasic experiment:Young children are exposed to a model who performs novel aggressive acts toward an…

What is self-directed learning (SDL)?- Proposed by Garrison (1997) = comprehensive theoretical model – An approach where learners are motivated to assume personal responsibility and collaborative control of the cognitive…

Abraham Maslow-Humanist: Carl Rogers, Maria Montessori-Hierarchy of Human Needs-Interact with others-teachers primary role is to help students reach their potentialBF Skinner-Behaviorism: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson-Reinforcement theory-operant conditioning-Stimulus-response-stimulus-Extrinsic rewards: Tactile rewards…

Avoidanceinstrumental conditioning procedure in which the participant’s behavior prevents the delivery of an aversive stimulusAvoidance trialtrial in a discriminated avoidance procedure in which an avoidance response is made and prevents…

sensory registersbrain filters through which sensory information enters the brain and is sent to short-term memoryshort-term memorythe brain’s temporary information storehouse in which information remains for a few secondslong-term memorythe…

What makes up a protein?A protein is composed of a sequence of chemicals, a long string of building blocks called amino acids.proteins: adenine, thiamine, cytosine, and guaninepairings: A-T, T-A, C-G,…

A substance tha is very important to us. We need it to live, and it covers over two thirds of the surface of the Earth.WaterA large body of water on…

principle of interesta student’s attitude towards learning a skill determines for the most part the amount and kind of learning that takes placeprinciple of practicepracticing the motor skill correctly is…

Thorndike’s primary laws in S-R theory of Connectionism before 1930 are:1.) Law of Readiness2.) Law of Exercise3.) Law of EffectTrueLaw of Readiness:-The law basically states that it is a series…

Visual LearnersPrefer to learn information through charts, graphs, symbols or other means.Aural LearnersPrefer to hear information and discuss it with other people.Read/Write LearnersPrefer to learn information through words on a…

SentimentalismThe technique to arouse emotion that exceeds the normal, usually in sympathy, sorrow, etc…RomanticismThe emphasis on the spiritual and the emotional.PrimitivismDerived from the belief that people are born with a…

geek outTo enthuse about a narrow topic, not realizing that most people listening will not understand a bit of it., To do geeky things; to act geeky; to speak of…

Learninga permanent change in behavior acquired through experience.Conditioningmaking an association between an event and something positive or negative by repeated exposure.Classical Conditioninglearning by association(not by choice): method of learning in…

learninglong lasting change in behavior resulting from experienceclassical conditioning-PAVLOV-learning by associationUSURCSCRunconditioned stimulusunconditioned responseconditioned stimulusconditioned responseacquisition-first stage on classical learning-responding to CS without presentation of US-when the new behavior is acquireddelayed…

Learning Theory “Behaviorism”: TheoristsBandura, Skinner, Watson, PavlovLearning Theory “Behaviorism”: Human Natureneutral, tabula rasaLearning Theory “Behaviorism”: Major Conceptsclassical/ operant conditioning, reinforcement/ punishmentLearning Theory “Behaviorism”: Focus of TheoryskillsLearning Theory “Behaviorism”: Starting Point…

InputKrashenWhen learners come into direct contact with the target language itselfIntakeKrashenWhen learners process input in a way that can contribute to learningKrashen’s 5 HypothesesInput HypothesisAcquisition-learning HypothesisMonitor HypothesisNatural Order HypothesisAffective Filter…

The ABC’s (6)Snuffy, Lena Horne, Mr. Johnson, Big Bird, Telly and CowC is for Cookie (6)Cookie Monster, Grover, Herry, Oscar, Telly and DentistFrances Fairy (6)Big Bird, Telly, Buster, Oscar, Irvine…

Coherence PrinciplePeople learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than included.Signaling PrinciplePeople learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added.Redundancy…

Operant ConditioningA type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behaviorB. F. SkinnerPsychologist who is most associated with operant conditioning. Used…

calcium iodideCaI2magnesium nitrateMg(NO3)2iron(II) acetateFe(C2H3O2)2lead(IV) oxidePbO2calcium hydrideCaH2copper(II) sulfideCuShydrogen sulfide (g)H2Smagnesium nitrateMgNO3iron(II) acetateFe(C2H3O2)2calcium iodideCaI2calcium hydrideCaH2potassium chromateK2CrO4copper(II) sulfideCuSnickel(II) sulfateNiSO4tin(II) fluorideSnF2lead(IV) sulfidePbS2lead(II) chloratePb(ClO3)2carbon tetrachlorideCCl4ammonium sulfate(NH4)2SO4mercury(I) nitriteHg2(NO2)2tin(IV) sulfideSnS2copper(II) sulfateCuSO4zinc nitriteZn(NO2)2barium nitrideBa3N2mercury(II) phosphateHg3(PO4)2tetraphosphorus decoxideP4O10strontium peroxideSrO2ammonium phosphate(NH4)3PO4disulfur…