GA History Exam UGA

The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony, in order to create an effective buffer from the Spanish and Spanish controlled Florida.

Georgia's third, and final, royal governor who fled the colony when the American Revolution began

one of the most patriotic women in Georgia, she worked as a spy; she disguised herself as a man and entered British camps trying to gain information; famous for holding six British soldiers at gunpoint who tried to pillage her land.

1795, the sale of western land to four land companies after the governor and members of the General Assembly had been bribed

Overturned Yazoo Act; elected to First Congress; lost reelection

Forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi (present day Oklahoma) during which thousands of Cherokees died

Governor from Georgia who tried at times to keep his own troops apart from the Confederate forces and insisted on hoarding surplus supplies for his own state's militias. He believed that his state had seceded so that it didn't have to follow the dictates of a central government.

Georgia's fourth capital and seat of the state government during the Civil War

A jurist who became associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia in the 1850s. He then became a vocal advocate for secession and earned the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War

A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession.

He commanded the Union army in Tennessee. In September of 1864 his troops captured Atlanta, Georgia. He then headed to take Savannah. This was his famous "march to the sea.". His troops burned barns and houses, and destroyed the countryside. His march showed a shift in the belief that only military targets should be destroyed. Civilian centers could also be targets.

He served as the Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After various allegations of scandal, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship.

Represented McIntosh County as a state senator and served as a justice of the peace.Insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries and otherwise championed their rights to the point of making himself an annoyance to the whites. Was sentenced to a year of hard labor for improper conduct.

Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892.

Sought to diversify the Georgia economy; eventually led to the industrialization of the state.

The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. These laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities.

American civil rights activist; wrote the Souls of Black Folk and demanded full racial equality; helped found the NAACP

She was a civic leader that supported women's suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagree with the convict lease system. She was also the first woman to serve in the US Senate

Jewish factory manager in Atlanta who was convicted of murdering a female employee. A mob lynched him in his jail cell.

It gave each county or district a certain number of votes. The bigger the district, the more votes. This inacurately stated what people wanted and gave rural areas more votes, which did not represent what most people would prefer.

Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again.

GA governor; in reaction to Brown vs. BOE he declared that GA will 'not tolerate the mixing of races in public schools or any other tax supported instutions." Forcibly took over the Governor's mansion until it was officially announced he had lost the election.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize Winner(1964)

Put georgia on a national stage, and made Atlanta a world known city.

39th President who stressed human rights. Because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow; former Georgia governor.

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups

poll taxes, literacy test, grandfather clause, property requirements aimed at disenfranching black voters

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

She was a civic leader that supported women's suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagree with the convict lease system.

American Jew lynched in Atlanta for the murder of a white girl superintendent of a pencil factory

girl who was supposedly raped by leo Frank

allotted votes by county, with little regard for population differences, or example, three rural counties with a combined population of 7,000 just as much clout in statewide elections as Fulton County, with its 550,000 inhabitants

wrote about his torturous imprisonment exposes abuses in the Georgia prison system

book by Robert Elliott Burns chronicling his imprisonment and escape

allowed private companies to rent persons convicted of serious crimes

A novel from the 1930s by Erskine Caldwell, about a family of sharecroppers from Georgia and their many tragedies ; a "Tobacco Road" is a poor shantytown, usually in the rural South, and usually populated by whites.

A novel from the 1930s by Erskine Caldwell, about a family of sharecroppers from Georgia and their many tragedies.

grayish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II

the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented

Paid farmers to destroy surplus and limit production ; An unintended consequence of the policy, however, was to put farmers out of work, causing even greater numbers to seek other means of employment.

natural wonders visited by FDR to treat his polio

considered to be the father of aviation in the state

Ben Epps field 1907

1923 flew his first solo flight at Souther Field in Americus

mayor of Atlanta from 1936 to 1961; targeted Democrats and Blacks and offered improvements

It is named after William Hartsfield, father of atlanta aviation, and (later)Maynard Jackson, the first black mayor. It increases trade and international businesses can travel to Atlanta.

used Hartsfield as a major hub

moved its headquarters to Atlanta in 1941

title given to largest slaveholding state in the south

disliked centralized Federal and Confederate power

secretary of state, strong advocate for secession

Vice president of the confedacy

When the Georgia Secession Convention held in Milledgeville

Howell presided over Confederacy's organizing ; Thomas authored the constitution

lawyer, legislator, judge on the Georgia Supreme Court, and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He is also noted for the U.S. Army's fort named in his honor

general who burned Georgia marching thru Atlanta to Savannah, 1864

Sherman's special order granting 400,000 acres of land to newly freed black families in forty-acre segments; likely origin of the phrase "forty acres and a mule"

Horrific POW camp infamous for atrocities and prisoner mistreatment

Process to readmit Southern states to the Union, 1865-1871

Number of slaves freed during and after the war

established by Congress to aid African Americans undergoing the transition from slavery to freedom in the aftermath of the Civil War

Terrorist organization devoted to racial inequality, suffering and evil, established 1868

27 duly elected were expelled from the General Assembly leading Congress to impose martial law and ban Georgia's congressmen

Sometimes it seems like the history of Georgia is solely compromised of this single element

first Republican to be elected to Governor, fought for equality and brought industry to the state, falsely accused of corruption

general and clansman, lost Gubernatorial contest to Rufus Bullock

Georgia readmitted to the Union

party of racists and clansmen

party of reformers fighting for equality

Democrats working to counter reconstruction and equality

officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude; 1864

overruled Dred Scott(1857) granting blacks citizenship ; reinforced due process and equal rights; 1868

explicitly grants right of citizens to vote regardless of race, color or having been enslaved (!) ; 1870

widespread movement to oppress the newly freed ; the term reeks and drips irony like a bloated corpse

a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests ; guess how well this worked for farmers

Joseph E. Brown(ex-Confederate governor), John B. Gordon and Alfred H. Colquitt (ex-Confederate gennerals) maintained power from 1872-1890 focused on industrializing the stated for their own profit

prominent African American politician, fought for equality and justice

editor of the Atlanta Constitution, who spearheaded a crusade to build a prosperous "New South" centered around Atlanta

dream that Georgia might lead the South phoenix like from the ashes as a land of prosperity and equality

state capital 1868

tenant farmers, serfs, who worked the land they did not own for a meager share of the crops

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy

ran for vp on Populist Party ticket, in later life he became a racist

land companies bribed GA leaders to sell land cheaply; resulted in U.S. take-over of disputed land

Reformer, wants to clean up the mess made by the Federalists. Plans to repeal the Yazoo deal if elected. Father of Jeffersonian Party in Ga. Swept the election, takes office in 1796, rescinds the Yazoo purchase of year prior.

Cherokee were forced to leave their lands traveling over 800 miles more than 4,000 died; 1838

Passed by Congress under the Andrew Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton

Abraham Baldwin and William Few Jr.

a female patriot and spy credited with killing several Tories at her home.

battle near Augusta, GA won by the Patriots on February 14, 1779

Becomes capital in 1779

Invented the cotton gin, 1793

machine which automated cotton processing

largest discovery of gold east of the Mississippi, 1828

established 1785

first womens college, 1836

created colony, georgia, for English debtors & to protect the other British colonies from Spanish atttack (buffer colony)

Georgia's third royal governor for 16 years who fled the colony when the American Revolution began

from Georgia, she had to defend her home against a group of Loyalist fighters

Appointed by King George II in 1732 to govern Georgia until 1752

One of the original motivation for the colony

Georgia's second and most popular Royal Governor, he wore a thermometer

Was prohibited in Georgia until 1750

First governor of Georgia, 1752

Tribe that helped the original settlers

Geographic feature that impressed Oglethorpe to build Savannah

German-speaking Protestant colonists that founded Ebenezer and New Ebenezer

Built by the Spanish and attacked by Oglethorpe

Built by Oglethorpe and attacked by the Spanish

Victory for Oglethorpe over the Spanish on St. Simons Island in 1742

The chief translator and go-between of Georgia's early days

Barred from Georgia

Among the earliest settlers

Charter granted

Savannah founded

Becomes Royal Colony, first governor John Reynolds

The shame of slavery begins

Oglethorpe victory at Battle of Bloody Marsh

The upper legislative body in Georgia's Royal Government

The lower legislative body in Georgia's Royal Government

Native Nation the Yamacraw were part of

Granted charter to trustees in 1732

Chief of the Yamacraw and friend to colonists

Number of debtors release and sent to settle in Georgia

Amount of land needed to vote in Royal Georgia

Amount of land needed to be a legislator in Royal Georgia