annexation
The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million
Federalism
distribution of powers between a federal government and the states within a union
Popular Sovereignty
rule by the people
Separation of Powers
A principle of government where the central government is divided into two or more branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities.
Republicanism
A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.
Legislative Branch
makes laws
Executive Branch
enforces the laws
Judicial Branch
judges the laws
13th amendment
abolishes slavery
14th amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th amendment
This amendment granted black men the right to vote.
June 19, 1865;
Juneteenth; the date slaves were declared free in Texas
Diversification
act of manufacturing a variety of products
Urbanization
the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
Mechanization
use of automatic machinery to increase production
Ticker Symbol
An abbreviation of anything that can be sold or traded on an exchange
Manifest Destiny
the belief that the U.S. should extend all the way to the pacific ocean
1836
Texas Independence, Sam Houston 1st President, SFA dies
1845
Annexation of Texas
1860
First Republican President Lincoln and South Carolina secedes
1876
Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer's Last Stand), Constitution of 1876 is adopted
Civil War
War between the Union and Confederacy from 1861-1865 to end slavery
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union from 1865 to 1877
carpet bagger
Northerns who moved to the South after the Civil War for monetary gain.
Scalawag
A southern abolitionist