Respondent
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus
Learning
Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
Negative Reinforcement
reinforcer that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response
Unconditioned Stimulus
type of stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response
Unconditioned Response
Unlearned, involuntary response
Prosocial
type of behavior that is positive and helpful
Operant Conditioning
behavior the produces reinforcing or punishing stimuli
Shaping
procedure that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior
Conditioned Response
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Latent learning
learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement but only becomes apparent when an incentive is introduced
Acquisition
Initial stage of conditioning, in which a new response is established
Partial Reinforcement
type of reinforcement in which responding is intermittently reinforced
Fixed Interval
schedule in which the first response following a set period of time is reinforced
Generalization
tendency for stimuli similar to the original CS to evoke a CR
Extinction
this occurs when a response is no longer reinforced
Cognitive Map
mental picture of the environment
Discrimination
responding differently to stimuli that signal whether a behavior will be reinforced
Observational Learning
learning that involves watching and imitating others
Unconditioned Stimulus
stimulus that automatically triggers an unconditioned response
punishment
the presentation of an aversive stimulus, which decreases the behavior it follows
classical conditioning
type of learning also called Pavlonian conditioning
modeling
the process of watching and then imitating a behavior
extrinsic
motivation to perform a behavior in order to obtain a reward or avoid punishment
Conditioned Stimulus
originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response