Ch. 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6? concrete operational formal operational preoperational intelligence sensorimotor

The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories is called: theory of mind.

static reasoning. theory-theory. conservation.

Early childhood is __________ for language learning.

a critical period a sensitive period both a critical and a sensitive period neither a critical nor a sensitive period

The results of a 2006 study of 5-year-olds in inner-city Milwaukee revealed that, compared to other children, children exposed to a Montessori program: engaged in less creative play. did not show improved performance on any academic measures but were described as being more socially competent. were better at prereading and early math tasks. were more likely to attend college.

Which of the following has been shown to influence when a child exhibits a theory of mind? age and siblings numerical understanding and having a theory-theory height and weight age and private speech

Instead of saying "feet," 4-year-old Jasper says "foots." This error is best described as an example of: inappropriate use of articles. fast-mapping.

generalization. overregularization.

The term ________ refers to a person who is fluent in two languages, not favoring one over the other. "language shifter" "balanced bilingual" "dual language learner" "bilingual"

According to the text, what complicates the evaluation of Head Start programs? The program is no longer federally funded. Various programs refuse to participate. Gender-based differences in cognitive development make comparisons difficult. Programs vary in length, curriculum, and goals.

The average child knows about ___________ words at age 2 and more than ___________ at age 6. 800; 10,000 500; 20,000 500; 10,000 800; 20,000

According to your text, it is best that children: become equally fluent in two languages.

become more fluent in a new, dominant language than in their home language. understand their parents' language but speak only the dominant language. act as interpreter when their parents don't speak the dominant language.

An experimenter who lines up seven pairs of checkers in two rows of equal length and asks a child if the rows have the same number of checkers is likely testing for conservation of: volume.

matter. number. length.

A 3-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating: egocentrism. centration. focus on appearance. static reasoning.

Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"? centration preoperational thought egocentrism conservation

Which of the following statements about Head Start is true? Its long-lasting beneficial effects are well documented. Some programs involve parents; others do not. All employ teacher-centered approaches. All use the same curriculum and work to achieve the same goals.

Which of the following would best explain why a preoperational child would not be able to understand that cats can be both pets and wild animals? egocentrism centration irreversibility conservation

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called: scaffolding. fast-mapping. guided participation.

conservation

Theory of mind: typically appears rather suddenly. occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of 4 and 8. occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of 8 and 12. does not occur until the formal operational stage of cognitive development is reached.

Which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development? theory-theory head start centration scaffolding

Piaget's second of four stages of cognition is: preoperational intelligence. sensorimotor.

illogical operations. concrete operational.

Child-centered programs that recognize that children learn through play with other children are most consistent with the views of: Piaget. Vygotsky.

Erikson. Freud.

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, always in the state in which the child currently encounters it? centration irreversibility static reasoning conservation

Child-centered programs that recognize that children learn through play with other childrenare most consistent with the views of: Piaget.

Vygotsky. Erikson. Freud.

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through: academics. following adult directions.

self discovery. making children "read to learn."

The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is: overregularization.

fast-mapping. syntax extension. scaffolding.

A study of Mexican American children and the questions that they asked found that: older children asked more questions than younger children. most questions were about nature, such as "Why is the sky blue?" highly educated mothers recorded fewer questions. most questions were about human behavior, such as "Why do people kiss?"