English II Honors (test 1–journeys and migration)

- wrote "The Ultimate Safari"- writes with themes of alienation, exile, and life's missed opportunities- writing deals with racial issues- Joined the African National Congress because she was active in the anti-separation movement in South Africa- has won the Booker McConnel Prize and the Nobel Prize in literature

- wrote "Enrique's Journey"- Background: grew up in Kansas and Argentina, first journalist job was on Wall Street; spent more than 2 decades reporting and writing about social issues (mainly hunger, drug addiction, and immigration)- Publication she writes for: Los Angeles Times- Main Prizes she's won: Pulitzer Prize (many times), George Polk award (for local and national reporting), John F.

Kennedy Journalism award, and more- Embraced by colleges?: about 62 colleges require the reading of this book for incoming freshmen, along with many highschools

- wrote "Immigration problem is about us, not them"- american philosopher and educator- activist in the Baltimore Women's Liberation Movement and original member of the Women's studies committee- interested in the philosophies of feminism, race, class, gender and theories of self and immigration

- wrote "America's real dream team"- won 3 Pulitzer Prizes- wrote 6 bestselling books- was the white house correspondent for the "New York Times"

- wrote "Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor"- has a B.S in zoology and a PhD in microbiology- was a professor of Human Ecology at University of California at Santa Barbara- focused on the issue of overpopulation (advocated abortion and eugenics by forced sterilization, and strict limits to non-western immigration)

- Nadine Gordimer- Plot: civil war in Africa ("bandits" wanted to take white rule away and make it democratic); 3 kids who lost both parents (dad was a soldier, mom was killed by bandits) travel with their grandparents (grandfather ends up dying) to a "better place" on the other side of Krugar Park; once they make it there, they stay in UN tents and get food and shelter--the grandmother works, the 2 older kids go to school, and the baby is mentally ill after the starvation they faced- Characters: Girl (starts at 9, ends at 11--very naive, always hopeful for a good ending, mother figure to baby brother); Older brother (12?--man of the family, doesn't help carry baby brother); Baby brother (starts at 1, ends at 3--has mental trauma due to starvation when traveling); grandmother (probably in 30s--strong-willed, cares for the children, fairly educated, puts the kids before herself--sells her church clothes and shoes for food for them, works to get them shoes for school and continues to have none for herself)- Point of View: the narrator is the young girl--she is very naive so she doesn't understand when people die, very hopeful (wants to go back where she came from--thinks her dead mother and grandfather are waiting for her there)- Tone of Narrator vs. Other Characters: because of the narrator's innocence, she doesn't understand things other people do--such as the vultures circling where her grandfather was- Setting and its Importance: starts in Mozambique during the Civil war, but goes through Kruger Park and ends on the other side in a UN "refugee camp"--Importance: shows how Africa is/was a war-torn country and shows the struggles of the people who live there but aren't involved- Journey (physical details): harsh climate/terrain (desert-like); lots of wild animals--must be careful not to get injured or killed; little to no food = starvation, no supplies--literally have what you carry on your back- Key Images: animal imagery (compared the humans to the animals a lot--chickens chase by dogs, baby monkey, move like animals among animals, etc.); bandits = went the wrong way about it, but for a good cause--kill everyone in their path (chase the civilians like chickens being chase by dogs); Kruger park (irony: white people are staying there for vacation and get to see the wildlife as an adventure, but the characters in the story are forced to go through it on foot with no food or supplies and are experiencing the true safari)- Connections to Enrique's Journey: very hard and risky expedition to get to a safer/better place; not prepared--no supplies; EJ has bandits and gangs but they are not working for a cause like in the short story; both Enrique and the kids in the story lose their parents but Enrique's are still alive, just not present

- Dangers of the Journey: migrants face gangs/burglars who rape, injure, kill them and take their money/supplies; face being abused by police; can get killed or injured (limbs cut off) by trying to jump on and off the moving trains- Blind Spots: places along the border between Mexico and the US where there is little border patrol and it is easier to sneak through- Role of Safe Houses: a lot of times, safe houses save lives (people who are starving eat, people who are injured/sick get medication/aid, people can rest there for a few days before continuing on their journey, they can hide from police in them)- Main characters: Nayo and Milton (struggled along the way and were eventually caught by the police and arrested/deported back home where they then couldn't find a job because they had given up their original ones; Ana and her Father (were leaving their home because he couldn't keep a good job and the one he had was dangerous because he would get mugged constantly and insurance stopped paying him back for it, they had lost the mother/wife so he was an only parent with 2 daughters, the young girl was hopeful because she was innocent and naive but her father was worried, they eventually made it to the US safely; 2 guys who cross the Rio Grande (waded through the water with their clothes in a bad that was tied around their waist--eventually got deported); Chris Simcox (leader of the Vigilantes around his home in Texas; did not like immigrants at all, searched the places where they crossed the river, waited at night, just to find them and arrest them--he really didn't want them here- Why do they Come?: many migrants don't have good jobs and can't support their family with the little money they make, some live in dangerous areas and don't want their children around it, more opportunities in America- Point of view in "Lies": the migrants talk about how they don't cost the government much to work here because they pay taxes but most don't get the benefits because they don't want to get caught, they are also cheaper because they charge less since they usually aren't as educated, they also talk about how the income from the US to the Southern countries helps their economy tremendously- Connections: In this film, Enrique's Journey, and The Ultimate Safari, they all face difficult travels and they all (excluding the people who get deported) end up in a better place

- Setting: Guatemala when Lourdes is leaving- Lourdes: did not have a well paying job, lived in a cramped household and couldn't even keep her children fed, wants to earn money so she could send Enrique and Belky to school (connection to "Ultimate Safari") and buy them nice things so she leaves for the US- Enrique: He felt abandoned by his mother and unwanted by the rest of his family. His Uncle is the one person who he feels loves him.

His father found another woman once his mom was in the U.S. Enrique started sniffing glue and get held back in school. He has a girlfriend, Maria-Isabel, whom he gets pregnant; he left because he wants to find his mother because he feels abandoned and also wants to find better work/better life in America; Enrique and many other children were put to work at young ages in order to make money. Normally they sell spices or packets of candy or small things at the sides of streets or at markets.

- To find mothers or family members that left them to go to better jobs in America to support them.

Normally they haven't seen their mothers since they were little children, and have only small recollections of them. They feel very left behind and want someone to love them- 75% of children that leave for America are looking for their mothers

- El Bus de Lagrimas: The Bus of Tears--the bus people who were deported on had to ride back home in- La Migra: they were like border patrol but they were found basically all over Mexico-Gangs: gangs plague the trains and prey on migrants as they make their way up north; they steal money from migrants and even get caught in Mexico so that they can ride the deportation bus to Central America and rob migrants. They rape, kill, and wound-Police: Police in Mexico and Central America can be corrupt and ruthless. they hurt, rape, and steal from migrants-Deportation: When migrants are deported they must ride El Bus de Lagrimas "The Bus of Tears". They face dangers here as well, like gang members looking to rob them.- Enrique failed the journey 7 times, but made it on his 8th

Chiapas: the worst place to pass through--the police are brutal and there are so many gangs that it's almost impossible not to have a run-in at least once--central americans are treated awfully hereDangers of Trains:-Gang members plague the trains and areas around it (they rape, rob, kill, beat people).

They hide among migrants on the train (disguise themselves)-Getting on and off the trains can be fatal - people fall underneath, lose limbs and even their lives-Police and la migra search the trains. Sometimes migrants hide in train cars so they cannot be found, but they suffocate and die, or die of thirst/hunger if they get locked in.Where Enrique sleeps and rests: He sleeps on top of trains sometimes. When there is no safe place to sleep he stays awake and becomes very tired. Some migrants sleep and are not woken up when the train stops and are then deported.

- Names: El Tren de la Muerte - The Train of Death: called this because there are many dangers surrounding the train, like getting on and off, facing bandits and la migra

- Religion and Immigrants: many migrants are elated to see the statue of Jesus in Veracruz because they view it as such a holy object and feel the presence of God- In Veracruz people are very kind to migrants. They throw food, clothing, toothbrushes, water, etc. to the immigrants on the train, even if it means they will not eat. They think of the immigrants before themselves and if they cannot come to the tracks to throw food (if they're too old, sick) they make sure someone throws for them.-------"A World Bank study in 2000 found that 42.

5 percent of Mexico's 100 million people live on $2 or less a day. Here, in rural areas, 30 percent of children five years old and younger eat so little that their growth is stunted, and the people who live in humble houses along the rails are often the poorest." (EJ 105)- I think people in Veracruz give to the migrants because many probably know people who have left to go up north. I also think they do it because if they were in the same situation, they would want people to do the same for them.

- What happens to Enrique: He finds his mother in the U.S.

and joins her in North Carolina. His girlfriend had a daughter, Jasmin. Enrique promises to work and send enough money home and come home to Guatemala once they have enough money to support the three of them. He starts jobs in construction and painting, but he gets back into drugs and starts to drink. He and his mother have many disputes, and Enrique is damaged by the fact that she left him.

He still felt abandoned, even when he was with her again. He finally stops drugs and wants to be clean when Maria Isabel and Jasmin join him- What is the reunion with Lourdes like?: At first Enrique is overjoyed to see his mother. Lourdes treats him well and dotes on him. They spend a lot of time together.

Then they start to fight: they realize they know nothing about each other. They begin to fight and grow apart. Enrique says that Lourdes abandoned him and he would have rather have her stay in Guatemala to raise him, even if it meant going poor. She thinks she did the right thing by leaving to earn money for them--they eventually work it out- How does Enrique continue the cycle of migration in his familY?: he isn't home with his child and convinces his child's mother to leave her behind as well (until they get enough money)- Positive and negative outcomes: they all struggle with their relationships now that they are together, but Lourdes has a husband and an english speaking daughter--they can all get jobs easier

Opinions:- Enrique thinks that if he were a US citizen, he wouldn't want more immigrants because a lot get paid under the table, use government services, but don't pay tax and contribute to the community-Lourdes thinks immigrants should still be allowed to come to the U.

S. because she pays taxes and works hard and thinks its fairPositive and negatives of immigration:- Positive: more money to the countries that are struggling; cheaper workers; - Negatives: family separation; overpopulation;

- Thea Singer- about how people care more about and give more to smaller numbers because it's easier to sympathize--larger numbers become statistics in our minds (less relatable)

- written by Garrett Hardin- Treated the world and our resources with a 'Lifeboat' frame of mind, not letting anyone else in our country, not helping anyone in need, they need to handle it and grow from problems---very harsh view (every man for himself)

- written by JoAnn Pilardi- About how we may view 'illegals' as just the immigrants, but we are in fact illegal for hiring them and supporting the businesses they work for- Author's stance towards subject: thinks that we are the problem rather than the actually immigrants - Why the author believes as s/he does; reasoning for stance: because we are hiring them and giving them opportunities and tempt them to come/keep them here by not turning them in- About how we may view 'illegals' as just the immigrants, but we are in fact illegal for hiring them and supporting the businesses they work for

- written by Thomas Friedman- Author supports immigration and thinks it keeps a flow of new ideas, keeping us ahead of other countries- Author's stance towards subject: Thinks we need to continue to bring in more immigrants- Why the author believes as s/he does; reasoning for stance: because they have a strong work ethic because they have something to lose if they don't try and they worked hard to get here/cultural reason

- immigration will lead to overpopulation?- immigration is the main cause of crime/causing it to increase- immigration is making it harder for Americans to get jobs/lower wages for everyone