AP World History Period 2 Study Guide

a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Maurya dynasty from 322 - 185 BCE.

a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality. practices like meditation are means of changing yourself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom.

any of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Arabic numerals reached western Europe through Arabia, replacing Roman numerals, by about AD 1200, but probably originated in India.

the first unified, multi-national and power-centralized state in the Chinese history. It lasted from 221 BC to 207 BC.

the second imperial dynasty of China. Founded in 206 BC when the rebel leader Liu Bang successfully ended the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty lasted for four centuries and is considered a golden age in Chinese history.

the South Asian empire established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century bc and overthrown by Alexander the Great in the 4th century bc. At its height it extended from India to Europe

an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BC. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire from Susa to Sardis.

Greek city-states

480 BC-404 BC. This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing

founded in 478 BC, was an association of Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

the national character or culture of Greece, especially ancient Greece.

The wealthy class of the Roman "Republic" or Empire

The commoner class of the Roman "Republic" or Empire

he earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code of law. A law binding on both patrician and plebeian and which consuls would have to enforce.

the unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BC

a coalition formed by Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in 43 BC.

the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire.

any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.

An edict made by the Roman emperor Constantine in 313 which recognized Christianity and gave freedom of worship in the Roman Empire.

a golden age for literature and the arts

a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.

is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea

the belief in or worship of more than one god.

a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.

a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety.

excessive adherence to law or formula.

a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.

the monotheistic religion of the Jews.

the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism

The tradition emerged around the 1st century AD and is typically concerned with altruistically oriented spiritual practice as embodied in the ideal of the bodhisattva.

the four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching.