AP World History Study Guide – Unit 2 (Classical Period)

led to control of barbaric outsiders, expansion; political organization, legal codes, specialization, more writing and architecture

person skilled in crafts

barter economy, patriarchal societies

military organization, war, more writing/records

from northern Mesopotamia, no natural barriers/easy to attack, empire stretched from N/E of Tigris to central Egypt

dependent territories protected by army

Assyrian capital, one of world'd largest libraries; demolished by enemies(Medes and Chaldeans' revenge for Assyrian cruelty)

southwest Asia; nomadic

underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians

roaming lifestyle

military leader; organize by ranks; freed the Jews

stops rebellions; soldier of Cyrus; expands Persia north; Builds capital Persepolis; creates postal service and spies

ruling with ranks/orders/parts and one central capital

Persian Governor, oversees laws, military, and taxes of their province

monetary, Persian gold coins

Persian trade route, connects cities for faster trade

founded by Persian prophet Zoroster, 2 gods, good and evil, idea of heaven and hell

collection of books on Zorostrianism

independent city-states in the rocky terrain of Southeast Europe

Crete, known for architecture and sea trade with Egypt

warlike, Greek gods, Trojan War, Homer w/ Odyssey and Illyiad

from north Macedonia, iron weapons, Dark Age of little writing, a population decrease, and isolation

Greek city-state

Monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, direct democracy

the wealthy make laws

Wealthy control government and army

first form of democracy, created by Solon in 461 Athens, vote at the acropolis

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

games against polises were held to honor their gods

homemakers, no government role, not allowed in public

more equal to men (not exactly though), athletes, run businesses, step up while men were training

Cause of the Persian Wars, mistrust, no honorable satrap

Greece vs. Persia, Greeks unite

1st battle, Greek victory due to Phalanx formation, mostly Athenians

Persian, seeks revenge for the defeat at Marathon

turning point, 2nd battle, Spartans, Greek lost but bought time

last battle, naval, Thermistecles sends a "traitor", big Persian ship get caught and sunk in the straight

Greek military leader

political and cultural achievements, democracy becomes stronger

Greek ruler/philosopher, pay more to political figures and then the poor can take part

Spartan jealousy of Athenian Golden Age, fear of rising power

civil war, Delian League (Athens) vs. Peloponnesian League (Sparta); phase 1: Athenian blockade, Spartans burning and pillaging; phase 2: Athenian plague, Spartans surround Athens

Athenians fled to inside the Athens citadel walls, disease affected 1/3 the population including Pericles

A lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts

A belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

father of medicine, believed germs and bacteria led to sickness

philosopher, pi, levers and pulleys

classified plants and animals, taught Alexander the Great

barbaric, frontier of Greece/Balkans, nomadic, pastorial, subsistent farmers

unites the Macedonians, conquers Greek polises, Greeks don't unite after Peloponnesian War

catapult and long spike

Philip's successor, age 20, student of Aristotle, goal to spread Hellenism

Greek culture

put down Thebian rebellion, invades Persia, liberates Egypt, builds Alexandria, burns Persepolis, crosses Indus to defeat unorganized Aryans (also suffers high losses due to elephants)

Greece and Macedonia, flourishing trade, constant rebellion

Egypt, Holy Land, Anatolia, wealthiest, salt monopoly

east Persia to India, largest, cosmopolitan society

a condition in which international organizations, transnational corporations and global markets are accountable to the peoples of the world.

director of library in Alexandria, computed Earth's circumference

estimate sun was 300x larger than earth, and that earth revolves around the sun

invented longitude and latitude

unified India, feared assasinantion so he became a Jainist monk

Vedic age ends when Persians invade, Alexander the Great conquers in 326

single ruler with complete authority

Mauryan capital

advisor of Chandragupta, wrote the Arthashastra

guide for ruling, strict control, legalist

Chandragupta's grandson, follows Arthashastra, becomes sorrow-changed, becomes Buddhist

deadly battle in which Asoka becomes sorrow-changed

mostly sanskrit, pillars(stupas) with 30 edicts, Buddhist principles of toleration and righteousness

the Golden Age of India, flourish in arts, literature, math, medicine, rewarded for discoveries

inherits his father's kingdom, marries princess of another kingdom, conquers and assembles the other kingdoms

expands, prosperity/wealth, maritime and land trade, patrons of the art, etc

Gupta empire poet, play Shakuntala

earth is sphere

text on surgery/medicine

1st emperor of Qin dynasty, 13, legalist

nobles families lived at capital, 100s of Confucian scholars killed

A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual

highway networks, peasants work against will, uniform standards, law, $, weights, measures, cart and axel lengths

collapse of Qin after Shi Huangdi dies, Lui Bang bring rise of Han

Han capital

semi divine, connection between heaven and Earth, secluded, many wives

Han leaders of provinces, forced conscription, labor, taxes, etc

creator of civil service exam