Absolutism, Reformation, and the Renaissance

A power struggle between Pope Boniface and King Philip IV over taxes and authority; a root of the reformation

The belief that the Catholic Church should be led by councils of cardinals rather than popes, and that the council of cardinals can override papal authority

Who were John Wyclif and Jan Huns?

List the 4 clerical abuses

Papers you can buy that reduced the time one suffered in purgatory based on the price; one of the first items on the printing press.

The sale of church offices or positions

Having more than one clerical office

Pluralism resulted in this, the unavailability of a member of the clergy to provide spiritual guidance to his church goers

Before the reformation, the papacy was becoming more ________.

Receiving sacraments in order to go to heaven was called the __________ _____ __ _____________

Renaissance ideas outside of Italy were called th e __________

The people who wanted a purer and more moral Christianity in a reform of the church, did NOT want to end the church.

The belief in selfless love and piety in religion

A German catholic monk who was unsatisfied with the church's path to salvation and uncertain about his own salvation

A list of grievances with the church that Martin Luther posted

Salvation achieved by faith ALONE, without clergy, indulgences, sacraments, etc....; one of Martin Luthers 95 theses.

The idea that the pope was always right and could never fail

Martin Luther believed the bible should be

Martin Luther strongly opposed these two church ideals regarding clerical behavior and purgatory

Martin Luther was _______________ from the Catholic church and denounced a heretic, so he started his own form of Christianity called __________

This leader of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire wanted to stop Lutheranism and make the Holy Roman Emperor a powerful position.

Luther received much support from ___________ so that they may enhance their own power by leading Lutheran churches

Was Luther for or against the peasant revolts to gain social and economic freedoms? Why?

This man from Geneva Switzerland began the form of Christianity known as Calvinism.

The theory that God has determined the fate of your soul even before you are born, it is believed in ______(religion)

The Calvinists were strongly against the concept of _________ in the church, believing all members of the church were equal and all believers should participate, not just the clergy

What group of Christians were militant/willing to fight for their religion?

French Calvinists were known as __________

Scottish Calvinists were known as _________

English Calvinists were known as __________ (Because they believed they were PURE of hierarchy in the church. This group would later migrate to America in search of religious freedom and become known as what we call Pilgrims today)

This English king began the Anglican church so he could divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, the woman he impregnated,

The Anglican church is similar to the Catholic church in all ways except the authority lies in _________ in Anglicanism

The Catholic Reformation was a ______________ movement

This doctrine reaffirmed the authority of the pope

A New Catholic Order of evangelical missionaries who spread Catholicism in America and Asia

These wars between the Hugenots fighting against the absolutist kings for "religious" freedom start the Catholic Bourbon dynasty of France.

This is the French edict in which the king converts to Catholicism but allows Protestants, Calvinists, and others to freely practice their own faiths.

The war fought on Germanic lands between the German and Spanish Protestants and Catholics

The Germans lost ____% of their population in the Thirty Years War

A treaty stating that the Germanic rulers in the Holy Roman Empire can choose the religion practiced in their own separate areas rather than a united Holy Roman Empire religion. It also gives Holland independence from Spain.

Protestants usually lived North or South? (Consider the position of the Vatican, center of the Catholic church. would they want to be close or far from it?)

Catholics usually lived North or South? (Consider the position of the Vatican, center of the Catholic church. would they want to be close or far from it?)

These wars were fought between the Anglican, Catholic, and Calvinist churches for economic and political (parliament vs monarch) reasons as well as religious

Name some impacts of the Religious Wars and Reformation

Which three groups feared the scientific revolution? The _______ feared religious explanation being overturned. The ________ feared biblical explanation would be overturned. The _______ feared Divine right of kings would be overturned.

The most frequently used method of legitimization of power by Absolute Monarchs, the idea that they had god given right to rule

The reasons given for an individuals right to rule (Diving right of kings, mandate of heaven, etc....)

By the scientific revolution, the role of churches in political and social affairs __________ (decreased or increased?)

The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.

The belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

The outer circle of the universe where God resides.

This Polish astronomer first discovered and proposed the Heliocenric model.

This Italian astronomer/physicist invented the modern telescope and gathered evidence to support the Copernican Heliocentric model.

This man discovered that planets have not round, but elliptical orbits.

This English scientist explained gravity and how the universe was a machine, and so humans could understand how it worked.

The belief that God is the creator of the universe, but s/he doesn't impact human events

Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm

Name the four humors.

The French intellectual movement based on social studies, the use of knowledge to improve society, and rationality.

Intellectuals of the Enlightenment who criticized the old order.

This Scottish writer wrote "Wealth of Nations", supporting Laissez-Fair economics

A French word meaning a policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy, literally meaning "let them do", meaning let the people do what they want.

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by checks and balances)

The name of the French parliament not allowed to meet by an absolutist monarch

The middle class was called the ___________

The monarch with a grand palace at Versailles in which nobles resided and stayed out of political affairs.

The French imposed high ________ ( a form of taxes) on incoming goods to keep money in France.

This edict basically reverses the Edict of Nantes, making Calvinism illegal which leads to the emigration of Hugenots to the Holy roman Empire.

The name for the army of 400,000 of King Louis XIV that was ready to fight at any minute

What country tries to imitate France in its absolutism?

A leading German state in the Holy Roman Empire that struggled with non contiguous lands and decentralization.

The family that ruled Prussia.

A leading German state that assumed control of Hungarian and Slavic nations and struggled with the nationalism of the Slavs, leading into World War I

This Austrian treaty pushed back the Ottoman invasion into Europe and led it out of Europe (must know date)

The 2 non absolutist parliament/monarch based states that were both strong commercial powers in Europe.

This revolution ends the English civil wars and leads into a peaceful take over by William and Mary of Holland.

Grants basic civil liberties to the people of England.

The dynasty that begun in England with the war of the roses

This renaissance thinker argued that it is better to be feared than loved and that the ends justified the means.

The wars between Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell) and the Monarch over his absolutist policies, the parliament wins and beheads the king (radical movement)

The Glorious revolution eliminates the possibility of a _______/_______ monarchy in England with a constitution and bill or rights.

A group of people with a common language and culture

The European name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

The Indian name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

The American name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

Who won the 7 years war? (If all else fails, take a guess. France never wins. EVER. Militarily, France absolutely sucks.)