World History II Sol Review

1. Christianity 2. The son of god 3. Teachings and life are found in New testament

1. Sacred text of the Jews

1. Prophet of Islam

1. Profession of Faith 2. Fast during Ramadan 3. Go on a Hajj to Mecca 4. Alms to the poor 5. Pray 5 times a day

Belief in one god

Holy book of Islam

Founder of Buddhism

Main belief of Buddhism Life is suffering

Follow to reach Nirvana

Strict division of classes in Hinduism

Belief that your soul will be reborn based on your Karma (in Buddhism and Hinduism)

Means re-birth Start of modern Era Spread from Italy to Northern Europe

Painted the Sistine Chapel Ceiling and sculpted David

Ultimate Renaissance Man Painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa

Wrote plays and sonnets during the Renaissance

Revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture Erasmus = father of ______ Celebrate humans potential

A humanist, wrote In Praise of Folly

Attempts to reform the Catholic Church.

Founder of Protestants, Salvation by Faith alone, Importance of the bible (in the vernacular)

Martin Luther's main ideas Starts the Reformation

Faith reveled by living a righteous life, expansion of protestant movement, followers were Calvinists

French Protestants

John Calvin's main idea God has pre-determined everything

English King, became head of Anglican church, wanted a divorce, made church property his

Tolerance for dissenters, head of Anglican Church. Religiously tolerant Victory of Spanish Armada Expansion and colonialism

a.Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending authority of Pope b.Hapsburg Family remained loyal to Catholic Church c.Conflict led to 30 years war

a.Catholic kings gave Protestants freedom to worship - Edict of Nantes b.Cardinal Richelieu changes focus of 30 yrs war from religious to political

Devestating war between Protestants and Catholics.

Protestant Church in England Led by Eliz I started by Henry VIII

Allowed Huguenots to practice their religion. A sense of Freedom of religion, later revoked

a.An attempt of the Catholic Church to reform b.Use of the Inquisition c.Council of Trent - reaffirms practices and doctrine

a.Founded during the Catholic Counter Reformation b.Used to spread Catholicism around the world.

a.Used to spread ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance b.First documented printed was the Bible c.Led to the growth of literacy (people knowing how to read)

a.Demand for goods/spices/natural resources b.Spread of Christianity, political/economic competition in Europe c.Innovations in navigation (Europe and Muslim), Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese, Rounded Cape of Good Hope in Africa

Spain, "found" the new world

Spain, conquered the Aztecs in Mexico. Conquestador

Spain, First to circumnavigate the globe

Spain, Conquered the Inca in South America

English, First man to survive circum-navigating the globe

French, explored Canada

Founded a school to teach navigation

Migration of colonists/influence of colonists who brought faith, language, culture to new lands. Conversion of native people

a.End of Aztecs and Incas b.European emigration/rigid class structure and dictatorial rule in Lat. Am. c.Colonies imitate culture/social patterns of parent countries d.Forced migration of enslaved Africans

European trading posts on coasts Slaves, gold, resources

Colonization by small group of merchants, Influence of trading compaines

Founded by British, Dutch, French Were in Indies and in China

a.An exchange of products and resources between the eastern and western hemispheres b.Corn(maize), Potatoes, and Tobacco were introduced to Europe c.European horses and Cattle were introduced to the Americas d.ALSO- diseases!!

a.Shortage of labor led to use of slaves (based on race) b.European plantation system in Caribbean/Americas destroyed native economies/environment

a.Linked Europe, Africa, and America b.Slaves, sugar and rum c.Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia d.Spain's economy collapses after importing so much gold/silver

Creation of spheres of influence by foreign powers for trade/resources Increase in demands for goods (tea, porcelin)

Japan, Military leader who controlled a powerless emporer

policy of a country trying to limit foreign influences. (Japan)

a.In Central Asia, expands to Asia, Balkans, North Africa b.Capital- Istanbul (Constantinople) c.Islamic religion, accepted others d.Coffee and ceramic

North India, Islam, Taj Mahal, Establishment of trading posts by Europeans, textiles important to GB. Traded silk/spices/gems

An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers Colonies exist to benefit the mother country

Overseas trade, new banking and money systems, use of mercantilism

Heliocentric theory

Discovered planets move in eliptical orbits The laws of planetary motion

Telescope used to prove Heliocentric Theory

Discovered laws of gravity

Discovered the circulation of blood

Expanded scientific knowledge, development of the scientific method, empahsis on reason and systematic observation of the future

Absolute monarchs believed god chose them

France, Palace of Versailles-symbol of royal power

Prussia, Military Power, helped support education

Russia, Westernizing of Rusisia, St. Petersburg

English King who was beheaded Led to the English Civil War

Led England as Lord-not King.

Restored to the British throne

William and Mary take the throne No bloodshed Sign the English Bill of Rights 1689

Reduced the power of the monarch Increased the power of the Parliament

Applied reason to the human world Stimulated religious tolerance Fueled the American and French Revolution

The Leviathan State must have central authority-Absolutism

Two Treatises on Government Life, Liberty, and Property Government gets its power fromthe consent of the people

The Spirit of the Laws Seperation of Powers

Religious toleration, Seperation of Church and State

Declaration of Independence author, used Enlightenment ideas

Untied States used enlightenment ideas for these two important documents (not including declaration)

Monarch that was overthrown in the French Revolution

Storming of the Bastille-started rev. Reign of Terror

Former slave who led independence movements in Haiti. Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain

He led an independence movement in South America

Started by Father Hildago

Governments mirrored home govs. Catholic, mining econ, Cities outposts for trade (Havana, Mexico City, Lima)

Viceroys/colonial officials Creoles and Mestizos

US President Monroe 1823 issues this, Latin America independent, US would consider European interference a threat to US of A.

Baroque music composer

Classical music composer

Painter, Liberty Leading the People

Wrote the first novel Don Quixote

All-weathered roads for better travel, New farm tools increase productivity, improvements in ship design lowre costs of transportation

Leader of France, Built up the French Empire, Created the Napoleonic Code, Strong Nationalism

"Balance of Power", Restoration of monarchs, New political map of Europe, new political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism)

Avoided revolution by expanding political rights, Made slavery illegal by the British empire

Unified northern Italy through diplomatic treaties

Unified Southern Italy with his red shirts through war

Unified Germany (Franco-Prussian war) Was a Realpolitik

Someone who justifies all means to achieve adn hold power

1. Began in England (resources) and invention of steam engine 2. Spread to US and Europe 3. Cotton, textile, iron, steel 4. Rise of factory system, end of cottage industry 5. Need for control of materials/markets worldwide

Spinning Jenny

Steam engine

Cotton Gin

Process for making strong steel

Small-Pox vaccine

Discovered bacteria

a.Population increase, growth of middle class, standard of living increases for many b.Improved transportation, education c.Urbanization, pollution d.Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions

Wrote Wealth of Nations Capitalism

Market controlled economy Can lead to dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and unequal distribution of wealth

Wrote Communist Manifesto and Das Capital (with Friedrich Engels)

Response to injustices of capitalism. Importance of redistribution of wealth

Replaced cottage system Men competed for jobs against women/children Child Labor

Increased demand for slave labor-cotton gin Britain and US outlaw slave trade then slavery Women and children work for cheap Reforms to end child labor, expand education, increased demand for women's suffrage

a.Encouraged strikes to demand wages & better working conditions b.Lobby for laws to protect the worker c.More rights for workers

a.When a European nation took over a nation in Africa, Asia, or South America for Europe's benefit b.Could be colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence

European domination, conflicts, missionary efforts Suez canal, spheres of influence (China), East India Company, US opening Japan to trade

Armed conflicts (Boxer rebellion), rise of nationalism (Indian National Congress)

Alliances, Nationalism, diplomatic failures, imperialism, miltarism, competiton over colonies

Assassinated to begin WWI

US President 14 Points for Peace (Leauge of Nations)

German ruler in WWI

Central Powers in WWI

Allied Powers in WWI

Harsh Treaty that ended WWI Made Germany accept guilt for the war and pay huge reparations

Defeat in Russo-Japanese War 1905, landless peasants, military defeats/casualties in WWI Incompetence of Nicholas II, all led to..

When Vladimir Lenin and the Communists take over Russia

Lenin's idea to better Russia's economy

Brutal Totalitarian Dictator (Great Purge), 5-year plans, Collectivization of Farms

Wilson's idea to help prevent future wars, US not a member, Did not have power to enforce decisions

Britain adn France would control areas in Middle East, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Division of Ottoman Empire sets stage for future conflicts in the Middle East

Causes: German reparations, excessive credit, stock market crash of 1929 Impacts: high unemployment, bank failures, and collapse of credit/trade, rise of Nazis

In Germany, Led by Hitler, Blamed the Jewish people for all problems

Leader of Germany, Nazi, Wanted tol expand Germany

Fascism, Restore the glory of ancient Rome, Invaded Ethiopia

Militaristic in Japan, Expanded Japan into Manchuria, China, and Korea for materials

Aggression (Italy, Germany, Japan), and Appeasement Nationalism, Failure of Treaty of Versailles, weakeness of Leauge of Nations

Japanese attack, Makes USA enter the war

Allied invasion of France

US President for most of WWII

US president after FDR, decided to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Allied commander in Europe, planned D-Day.

US general in the Pacific, monitored the rebuilding of Japan

US General, created plan for rebuilding Europe (Marshall plan)

British Prime Minister

Systematic destruction of a political, religious, racial, or culture group. Armenians, Great Purge, Tutsi by Hutu, Pol Pot

History of anti-Semitism in Europe, totalitarianism combined with nationalism, WWI and depression blamed on German Jews, Hitler's Master Race, Final Solution: concentration/death camps

Economic Recovery Package for Europe

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Germany invades Poland, Soviet Union Fall of France, Battle of Briatin, D-Day Pearl Harbor, dropped atomic bombs

Communism and Totalitarianism

Germany divided between the Allies and the Soviets East (Soviet controlled) adn West (democratic) Germany

Occupied by US (MacArthur), reduction of military Democracy, emergnece as a dominant economy

Policy for preventing the expansion of communism

Leader of Nationalist China Fled to the Island of Taiwan

Leader of Communist China

Divided at 37th parallel N. Korea (communist) invaded S. Korea UN under Marshall intervenes. China helps N. Korea

Leader of communists in Vietnam

Vietnam divided N. Vietnam communist under Ho Chi Minh US involvement (ultimately failed) Vietnam a reunited communist country today

Tearing down of Berlin Wall in 1989 Soviet economic collapse, breakup of Soviet Union Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries, expansion of NATO

Leader of Indian independence movement Civil Disobedience and Passive resistance

Closer relationship between India and USSR during the Cold War Developed nuclear program

Formeryly ruled by Britain Indian National Congress, Mohandes Gandhi (Civil disobedience) Political divisions along Hindu-Muslim lines (Pakistan/India)

World's largest democracy, federal system of government Jawaharlal Nehru-western style industrialization, new econ. development

Leader of Kenyan nationalist group Became the leader of Kenya

Led struggle against apartheid, became first black prez. of South Africa

Prime minister of Israel Sought support of US Led Israel to victory in Yom Kippur War

President of Egypt Nationalized Suez Canal, relationship with USSR Aswan High Dam