World History 1 SOL Review, Part 1

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Modern Humans

Continent where Homo Sapiens emerged

Continent where Homo Sapiens migrated LAST

Igloos Caves Mud Huts Grass Huts

Old Stone Age

New Stone Age

Prehistoric monument in England constructed during the Neolithic Age

Developed during Neolithic Age that allowed the beginning of permanent settlements

Where the first civilizations developed

A scientific investigation of the cultural remains of people in the past

First civilization that was along the Tigris & Euphrates rivers known for its development of the first writing system

"Wedge shaped" symbols, pressed into clay tablets known as the first writing system

Ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

A maritime people known for their shipbuilding and alphabet

Were much like the Egyptians and is probably where the Egyptians obtained most of their culture.

"Land between two rivers," home of the first civilization

Known for their plumbing and organized pattern streets; where the Harrapan people lived

First monotheistic religion

Sacred text of Judaism

Exile of Jews from the Roman Empire

Holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Father of the Hebrews

Hebrew prophet who led the Hebrews from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

The Persians, Romans, and Incans were all known for having an extensive...

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC

Persian emperor who led by toleration

Monotheistic religion of the Persian Empire, which emphasized on Good vs. Evil and the belief in their one deity: Ahuramazda

Mountain range that stretches between India and China

A religion developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms.

(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

An Indo-European people who crossed into India around 1500 BC

Sacred writings of Hinduism

Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul.

A belief system based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, which stress freeing oneself from worldly desires.

A prince who founded Buddhism, and gave up his power to become enlightened.

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path

This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.

King of the Maurya dynasty. He ruled nearly the entire subcontinent of India. He also was instrumental in the spread of Buddhism after his conversion.

Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism

He was the Chinese emperor who founded the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.). He created the first united(combined) Chinese empire and began construction of the Great Wall of China. His name means first emperor.

Type of government of the Persian Empire

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior and education

Philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu advocating a simple honest life and harmony with nature

Chinese belief: strict, harsh rule; obey laws or else!

Overpopulation and lack of fertile soil in Greece lead to this

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves (helots) for agriculture

Greece is located on this peninsula

A political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages

A Greek city-state

religion in which factors of life are represented by gods or goddesses

5th century B.C.E wars between the Persian empire and Greek city-states; Greek victories allowed Greek civilization to define identity and lead to Athens' Golden Age.

a period of growth in ancient Athens in intellectual & and artistic learning, including drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, & science

"Father of Geometry"

Philosophers of ancient Greece, examined beliefs creating a question answer method

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Athenian sculptor who supervise the building of the Parthenon. built a statue of zeus at olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world

(495? BCE-429? BCE) Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. Athens City-State of Ancient Greece and center of Greek golden age that occurred in the 5th century BCE.

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age.

(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. He was the father of Alexander the Great.

son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world

324-200 BC; period of Greek history marked by great political and cultural change; ruled by Alexander the Great

Three forms of Greek columns that represent what is still known as classical architecture. Doric is the simplest; Corinthian is the most elaborate.

Athenian form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Spartan government ruled by a few powerful people

A boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea

Both provide natural protection for Rome

like Greek mythology, it was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics and art

A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

Included Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. Is a government by three people with equal power. Crassus was killed. Caesar became dictator

100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by 14 senators in 44 BC because he was too powerful.

Adopted grandnephew of Julius Caesar, later called Augustus Caesar

The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace

Competitors for Caesar's position after he dies vs. his grand nephew Octavian. They lose in the Battle of Actium.

200 year period of peace in Rome.

A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

"river of sorrows" floods; located in the north east, very long. Also called the "yellow river".

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea, the earliest Indian civilization began in the valley of this river

Benevolent river running south to north; flooded regularly every year; source of life for Egyptians; yearly flooding refurbished land with silt.

Four major inventions of ancient China

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.

A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire

(313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman Population

Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies

(274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire.

(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.

used for Gladiator fights, housed 50,000 people, the first and largest amphitheater to be built in Rome

A domed temple in Rome that was completed in 27 BCE to worship all of the gods

Social, Political and Economic problems, plus invasions by Germanic tribes lead to this