Russian Revolution

"Peace, Land, and bread!"

Vladimir I. Lenin

a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I

redistribute land

Dissident groups challenged the power of the Russian czar.

Russia became a communist nation

abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II

Peasants were promised land reform.

existence of sharp economic differences between social classes.

gain popular support to overthrow the government

wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation

Vladimir Lenin

the use of censorship and the secret police

persecution of political dissenters

a federation of socialist republics

redistribute land and make peace

World War I created conditions in Russia that helped trigger a revolution.

develop heavy industry

censorship and terror

mainly an agricultural society

overthrow the Russian government

persecuted minority

a power struggle developed among Communist Party leaders

jailing or murdering potential opponents

a widespread food shortage throughout the nation

the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by developing heavy industry

strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism

command economy of the Soviet Union

government agencies are involved in production planning

Economic conditions led to political change.

put the interests of the state before individual gain

bring radicals to power

communism

Both revolutions were the result of government denial of basic human rights and stressful economic conditions.

Russia became the first nation with a communist economic system

totalitarianism

heavy industry

transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power

join collective farms

establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship

encouraging rapid industrialization

increasing production of heavy industrial machinery

totalitarian

secret police who executed ordinary citizens.

the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners.

illiterate peasant/monk and self-proclaimed "holy man." Czar Nicholas II'S wife allowed to control gov't whiles Nicholas II was in war.

Czar/King of Russia during World War I and the Russian Revolution. (murdered by communists/Bolsheviks)

communist political party that was led by Vladimir Lenin in 1917 (Russia)

It allowed some capitalist ventures. Although the state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit. Under the N.E.P- peasants held on to small plots of land and freely sold their surplus crops. Lenin's compromise with capitalism helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed resistance to the new government. By 1928, food and industrial production climbed back to prewar levels. The standard of living improved too. But lenin always saw the NEP as just a temporary retreat from communism.

The communists used terror not only against the Whites, but also to control their own people. The communists also set up a network of forced labor camps in 1919- which grew under Stalin into the dreaded Gulag.

took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads. Peasants in the countryside were forced to deliver almost all of their crops to feed the army and hungry people in the cities. Peasant labors were drafted into the military or forced to work in factories.

A brilliant Marxist thinker, a skillful speaker, and an architect of the Bolshevik Revolution. Turned the Red Army into an effective fighting force. He used former tsarist officers under the close watch of commissars, communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty. Trotsky's passionate speeches roused soldiers to fight. He urged support for a world-wide revolution against capitalism. Trotsky fled the country 1929 but continued on building socialism at home first. Stalin isolated Trotsky within the party and stripped him of party membership. Trotsky fled the country in 1929, but continued to criticize Stalin. In 1940, a Stalinist agent murdered Trotsky in Mexico.

In 1922, Lenin's communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union. The communists produced a constitution that seemed both democratic and socialist. It set up an elected legislature, later called the Supreme Soviet, and gave all the citizen over 18 the right to vote. All political power, resources, and ,means of production would belong to workers and peasants. The Soviet Union was a multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples. All member republics shared certain equal rights.

Lenin died in 1924 at the age of 54. He was involved in World War I, Cold War, and Korean War. He turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state controlled by a powerful and complex bureaucracy

killed four million people in the soviet union.

type of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of the citizens.

Stalin imposed government control over the Soviet Union's economy. In the past, Russia had suffered because of its economic backwardness. In 1928, he proposed the first of several "five-year plans" aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output. He brought all economic activity under government control The government owned all businesses and distributed resources.

government officials made all basic economic decisions.

the free market determine most economic designs. Privately owned businesses compete to win the consumer's choice. This competition regulates the price and quality of goods.

set high production goals, especially for heavy industry and transportation. The government pushed workers and managers to meet these goals by giving bonuses to those who succeeded and by punishing those who did not. Between 1928 and 1939, large factories, hydroelectric power stations, and huge industrial complexes rose across the Soviet Union. Oil, coal, and steel production grew and mining expanded, and new railroads were built.

large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group. on collectives, the gov't would provide tractors, fertilizers, and better seed, and peasants would learn modern farm methods.

wealthy farmers- some peasants did not want to give up their land and sell their crops at the states' low prices. they resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, destroying tools, and burning crops. Stalin was furious. He believed the kulaks were behind this and he responded with brutal force. In 1929, Stalin sent them to labor camps. They were killed instantly.

Stalin used terror as a weapon. He perpetrated crimes against humanity and systemically violated his people's individual rights. Police spies did not hesitate to open private letters or plant listening devices.

a system of brutal labor camps, where many died.

Stalin feared tha rival party leaders were plotting against him. In 1934, he launched the Great Purge. Stalin and his secret police cracked down especially on Old Bolsheviks, or party activists from the early days of the revolution. Between 1936-1938, Stalin staged a series of spectacular public "show trials" in Moscow. Four million people were purged during the Stalin years.

Germany invaded the Soviet Union.

Stalin tried to boost morale and faith in the communist system by making himself a godlike figure. He used propaganda as a tool to build up a "cult of personality" around himself. Using modern technology, the party bombarded the public with relentless propaganda. Radios and loudspeakers blared into factories and villages. In movies, theaters, and schools citizens heard about communist successes and the evils of capitalism. Billboards and posters urged workers to meet or exceed production quotas. Headlines in the Communist party newspaper Pravada, or "Truth" linked enemies at home to foreign agents seeking to overthrow the Communist regime.

Stalin required artists and writers to create their works in a style called socialist realism. Its goal was to show Soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the communist future. Allowed to be realistic.

COMMUNISM. They were often outweighed by continuous shortages and restricted freedoms. The communists destroyed the old social order of landowning nobles at the top and peasants at the bottom. But instead of creating equals as they promised, they created a society where a few elite groups emerged as a new ruling class.

they worked for the revolution, spreading radical ideas among peasants and workers. Under the communists, women won equality under the law. They gained access to education and a wide range of jobs. By the 1930's, many Soviet women were working in medicine, engineering, or the sciences. By their labor, women contributed to Soviet economic growth. They worked in factories, in construction, and on collectives Within the family, their wages were needed because men and women earned the same low salaries.

"Whites-- support czar Nicholas II (nobles and rich) -February Revolution- 1917- bread shortage. no work, russians loosing WWI, and people protested, Russian military, Lenin comes back to Russia to control

Czar Nicholas II abdicated (to give up) because people want him out. A provisional gov't was set. October 1917, takes over government and Russia is communist.

Russian revolution (reds), communist (Karl Marx), end monarchy, Czar Nicholas II, Leader Lenin

decides to go to Eastern Front with his groups to support them. Nicholas II leaves his wife Alexandra is charge of government at home. She highly trusts Raspustin and he gets killed in 1916

The discontent of the peasants (bound to the land) The discontent of the workers (no jobs) The weakness of Tsar Nicholas II Raspustin and Scandal February Revolution 1917 (start of Russian revolution) The failure of the Duma (Russian parliament) Opposition of the communists Russian failures in the first world war

defeat let to political instability. He believed he was absolute ruler anointed to god. Lost to Japan in 1804 and shows that lack of technology.

REALLY BAD. working class extremely angry. famine in russia was widespread that spread throughout Russia. Starvation and death are results of famine

elected national legislature

Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III, Nicholas II

liberals, socialists, nationalists, army officers, workers