HAL Fall Final

The poet hears the "varied carols" of all the people who contribute to the life and culture of America.

The mechanic, the carpenter, the mason, the boatman, the shoemaker, and the woodcutter all join in the chorus of the nation. The singing of the mother, the wife, and the girl at work expresses their joy and their feeling of fruition. These are highly individualistic men and women. Each person sings "what belongs to him or her and to none else.

" This poem underscores Whitman's basic attitude toward America, which is part of his ideal of human life. The American nation has based its faith on the creativeness of labor, which Whitman glorifies in this poem. The catalog of craftsmen covers not only the length and breadth of the American continent but also the large and varied field of American achievement. This poem expresses Whitman's love of America — its vitality, variety, and the massive achievement which is the outcome of the creative endeavor of all its people. It also illustrates Whitman's technique of using catalogs consisting of a list of people.THEME: visions and stereotypes of how much freedom America grants to its citizens/variety of career pathsSPEAKER: http://www.

shmoop.com/i-hear-america-singing/speaker.htmlTONE: Jubilant and happy. The poem is an expression of celebration of all that he sees that is good about America. He praises the work ethic and the level playing field of opportunity where everyone can dream of success and get it if only they would work for itSYMBOLS: Poem is a symbol of American nationalism

http://www.shmoop.

com/o-captain-my-captain/stanza-1-summary.htmlTHEME: PatriotismSPEAKER: http://www.shmoop.com/o-captain-my-captain/speaker.htmlTONE: Degrading, filled with grief, dedication.

The poem is about a captain that died for his country but the speaker was also very sad he diedSYMBOLS: The ship stands in for the nation as it moved through the difficult times of the Civil War. The captain could be a symbol for American soldiers while the speaker could be a symbol for the families

http://www.shmoop.com/song-of-myself/section-1-summary.htmlTHEME: American nationalism, identitySPEAKER: A super-charged Walt Whitman, who has been places and done things that the real Walt could only dream ofTONE: Prideful http://www.

shmoop.com/song-of-myself/section-52-summary.htmlTHEME: IdentitySPEAKER: ^TONE: Realization of true identity

http://www.shmoop.com/learnd-astronomer/summary.

htmlTHEME: Dissatisfaction with the lecture, knowledge of nature can only come from experience, isolationSPEAKER: http://www.shmoop.com/learnd-astronomer/speaker.htmlTONE: Calming, boring, relievingSYMBOLS: Nature is a symbol for what we connect with and learn from the most

http://www.shmoop.com/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/summary.

html

http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/dickinson/section1.rhtml

First Stanza: The poet does not feel the need to intermingle with the other people who actually worship in the church building. She has her services in her garden/orchard which serve as her worship place.No need of a human choir because Dickinson has the bobolink bird chirping out his natural songs.

Second Stanza: To Dickinson, some people dress for church in accordance with fashion and religious requirements. To the poet, all she needs are her wings. As a child of God she needs to be only herself. There is no need for the church bells because her sexton [the man who cares for the church bells] is the little bird who sings its songs.Third Stanza: God is her preacher, whom she ironically calls a noted minister. His sermons are never boring or too long.

"God preaches, a noted Clergyman-And the sermon is never long,So instead of getting to Heaven, at least-I'm going, all along." Dickinson is not waiting on to Heaven after she dies. When she is in her natural church with God at her side, she is already in her Heaven.

Notability

LOOK AT HANDOUT-Emerson urges his readers to follow their individual will instead of conforming to social expectations-Emerson emphasizes following one's own voice rather than an intermediary's, such as the church-Emerson encourages his readers to be honest in their relationships with others-Emerson posits the effects of self-reliance: altering religious practices, encouraging Americans to stay at home and develop their own culture, and focusing on individual rather than societal progress

LOOK AT HANDOUThttp://www.

shareyouressays.com/98435/short-summary-of-friendship-by-ralph-waldo-emerson

LOOK AT HANDOUThttp://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/civildisobedience/summary.

html

-Means of persuasion in which an appeal based on the character or credibility of the speaker/writer-Draws upon the audience's ability to recognize the writer's ability to be an authority about whatever is being written

The emotional appeal to the audience by the speaker or writer/appeal to the heart

An appeal to logic

-Rhetorical advice in which two contrasting ideas are put together, which emphasized the difference between the two ideas & adds interest to writing-Example: "Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness"

Diction is the distinctive tone or tenor of an author's writings. Diction is not just a writer's choice of words it can include the mood, attitude, dialect and style of writing. Diction is usually judged with reference to the prevailing standards of proper writing and speech and is seen as the mark of quality of the writing. It is also understood as the selection of certain words or phrases that become peculiar to a writer.

Sudden forceful expression or cry

Tactile(touch), Olfactory(smell), Visual(see), Auditory(hear), Gustatory(taste)

Reoccurring element that has symbolic significance in a story/through its repetition, can help produce aspects such as theme or mood

-The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same, or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter-Example: "Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe.""The escaped prisoner was wanted, dead or alive.""It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness."

-A question that typically doesn't have an answer/a question that has an obvious answer but you ask the question to make a point, or to persuade-Example: "Who knows?""Are you stupid?""The actors played their roles well. Didn't they?"

Iambic: unstressed, stressedTrochaic: stressed, unstressed-2 syllables

-An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.

-Throughout literature, music, and art, nature is a dynamic presence(character who speaks in a language of symbols)-Nature=constant companion and teacher-Romantics associate the country with independence, moral clarity, and purity

Whoever is speaking in the piece of literature(not necessarily the author)

Syntax is a set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. Normally it is subject+ver+object

Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. The manner in which a writer approaches this theme and subject is the tone

Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.

-Offshoot of American romanticism-Loose collection of ideas about literature, philosophy, religion, social reform, and American culture-Transcendentalists were critics of contemporary society for its unthinking conformity and urged that each individual find "an original relation to the universe"-The transcendentalist rises above lower, animalistic impulses of life and moves from the rational to a spiritual realm-Intuition, not reason, is the highest human faculty-Simplicity is the path to spiritual greatness-Nature is a source of truth and inspiration-People should value non-conformity, individuality, and self-reliance-Semi-religious feelings toward nature-Direct connection between universe & individual soul-Divinity permeated all objects, animate or inanimate-Man can reach a God-like state through his own genius, imagination, self-reliance, & connection to nature-The purpose of life is the union with the "over soul"(convergence of the individual, God, & nature)-Every individual to be respected because has a portion of the over soul-Death not feared bc at death, soul merely passes to over soul-Emphasis should be placed on here and now-Unity of life and universe should be realized(relationship between all things)