Psychology- Test 2 Ch 8,9,10

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):

A 2004 study of 2- to 4-year-olds from low-income families living in New York City found many children were:

According to the text, what is the most common disease of young children in developed nations?

When a young child insists that his or her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he or she is exhibiting:

The 2-year-old brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

Another term for lateralization is

Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood?

Which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?

One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from the ages of 2 to 6 is:

The ___________ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.

An example of a gross motor skill is:

According to sociocultural theory, children learn gross motor skills best from:

The most common cause of death in childhood is:

Tertiary prevention begins _____ an injury.

Failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of:

By age 6, the average child in a developed nation weighs between _______ pounds and is at least ______ inches tall.

The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countries is insufficient:

The "just-right" phenomenon

A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:

By age 6 the brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

The _________ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.

The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is:

Most people:

Which area is said to be the "executive" of the brain?

Perseveration is the opposite of:

Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of ______________.

Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control?

Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of ___________ prevention

We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is:

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to:

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

Which of the following would best explain why a preoperational child would not be able to understand that cats can be both pets and wild animals?

A 3-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating:

An experimenter who lines up seven pairs of checkers in two rows of equal length and asks a child if the rows have the same number of checkers is likely testing for conservation of:

After noticing that her 4-year-old brother was having difficulty putting a jigsaw puzzle together, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him to recognize progress. From Vygotsky's perspective, this as an example of:

The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories is called:

Theory of mind:

What did a study comparing preschool children from various countries find to be the primary factor in development of theory of mind?

Early childhood is __________ for language learning.

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:

The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is:

According to your text, it is best that children

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through

The results of a 2006 study of 5-year-olds in inner-city Milwaukee revealed that, compared to other children, children exposed to a Montessori program

The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to

Piaget's second of four stages of cognition is

Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, always in the state in which the child currently encounters it?

Piaget has been criticized for:

Which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development?

A study of Mexican American children and the questions that they asked found that

The understanding that other people can have thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:

Which of the following has been shown to influence when a child exhibits a theory of mind?

The average child knows about ___________ words at age 2 and more than ___________ at age 6.

Instead of saying "feet," 4-year-old Jasper says "foots." This error is best described as an example of

The term ________ refers to a person who is fluent in two languages, not favoring one over the other

Child-centered programs that recognize that children learn through play with other childrenare most consistent with the views of:

Which child-centered approach to early-childhood education places the most emphasis on individual differences, neither requiring children to engage in prescribed learning activities nor using any large-group instruction?

Which of the following statements about Head Start is true?

According to the text, what complicates the evaluation of Head Start programs?

The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as

Preschoolers predict that they can solve impossible puzzles or control their dreams. These naive predictions are called

In an experiment by Lepper and colleagues (1973), children who received an expected award for drawing

By the age of _____, children are less likely to throw temper tantrums

An example of an externalizing problem is_________ and an example of an internalizing problem is ______________.

A kind of play identified by Mildred Parten is

Play that mimics aggression, but with no intent to harm, is

Baumrind's dimension in which parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in their children is called

Which of the following is TRUE concerning permissive parents?

Multicultural research on parenting styles and their effects on children has found that

A parent might ask a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?" to

Freud postulated that young boys have an unconscious desire to replace their fathers and win their mother's exclusive love. He called this

In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents is

Which theory of gender differences focuses primarily on children's understanding

A discipline technique that may damage a child's initiative, social acceptance, and math achievement is

Children who master ___________ have learned when and how to express emotions

Erik Erikson's third developmental stagethe stage during which self-esteem emergesis called

__________ refers to people's feeling that others blame them or disapprove of them

An illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as:

Emotional regulation differs between

Peers provide practice in

Sociodramatic play allows children to

Many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be very influential is

Parents who have low expectations for maturity and rarely discipline their children are characterized by Baumrind as

On average, young children of every ethnic and economic group spend ________ a day exposed to electronic media

Which one of the following terms refers to a true understanding of the feelings and concerns of another person?

Johnny, age 6, suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. Johnny is displaying

Biological differences between males and females are referred to as

An attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else is:

An attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else is