Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that elicits a reflective response in the absence of learning.
Unconditioned Response
A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning.
Conditioned Stimulus
An initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response
A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus.
Extinction
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response.
Stimulus Generalization
The tendency for a response that has been reinforced in the presence of one stimulus to occur in the presence of other stimuli.
Stimulus Discrimination
The tendency for a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of other.
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.
Positive Reinforcement
A response that is followed by the presentation of a reinforcing stimulus; and becomes stronger/more likely to occur.
Negative Reinforcement
A response is followed by the removal, of an unpleasant stimulus, as a result, the response becomes stronger/more likely to occur.
Latent Learning
A form of learning that isn't immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without obvious reinforcement.
Shaping
An operant conditioning technique for achieving a final behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of a desired response.
Operant Conditioning
Is learning what responses to make in a situation to obtain a reward or avoid an undesirable event.
Counter-conditioning
An unwanted/non adaptive behavior is eliminated by conditioning a new, incompatible behavior in its place.
Must determine what the stimuli is that leads to the fear, phobia or anxiety.
The fear can be eliminated with a behavior that is incompatible with that behavior.
Fixed-interval Reinforcement
Takes place for the first correct response that occurs after a fixed period of time has elapsed since the previous reinforcement response.
Variable-interval Reinforcement
Available after a period of time that varies from one reinforcement to the next. Responses occur at a fairly constant low rate.
Fixed-ratio Reinforcement
Available after a set number of non-reinforced responses.
High rate of responding is typical.
Variable-ratio Reinforcement
Available after a set number of non-reinforced responses, but the number of them varies from reinforcement to reinforcement.
