Psychology-Chapter 6-Learning

relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.

Being paired with stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Ivan Pavlov- dogs and salivation, studied digestion. natural response- dog salivate when he sees food. FOOD=UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS.

(US)SALIVATION=UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE. (UR) Example: Bell sounds when food is presented.DOg learns that food would be represented after sound of bell. BELL=CONDITIONED STIMULUS. SALIVATION AS SOUND OF BELL=Conditioned RESPONSE (CR)

Stimulus brings about response without having been learned.

Response that is natural **NEEDS NO TRAINING**

Stimulus, once neutral, paired with US to get response.

Response thats been learned.**UR=CR**

He played with a rat (neutral stimulus) loud noise scared him. Saw rat when he hear noise-->was scared of rat. SO.

. US(Noise)-->(UR) crying CS(Rat)--->(CR) crying

Weakening and eventual disappearance of conditioned response.Example--With dogs----> Present CS over and over without a Uconditoned Stimulus. This cant be done with babies.

Can be used for phobias.

1. Relaxation training- persons phobia is anxious.-build hierarchy- from least to most.

Reappearance of previously extinguished response.

In response to stimulus occurring after repeated presentation of same stimulus.

Only stimulus similar to CS will get a CRex.

Albert wasnt only afraid of white rats but white puppies and kittens as well..

If stimulus is diff enough from CS will not get a CREX ALbert not afraid of Brown/black puppy

explains more complicated behavior (FOOD) US--> URBell CS--> CS (Bell)

voluntary response is strengthened/weakened depends on its consequence.

Responses that are satisfying are more likely to be repeated, those that arent, ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE REPEATED.

ANIMAL (EX.

RAT) had to operate on environment to get satisfying results. EX-rat presses lever to get food.

any stimulus that increases probability that preceding behavior will be repeated. (Ex.

Food(REWARD) special attentionshouldnt use toy as reinforcers with children bc they will always expect it.

satisfies basic biological need. EX FOOD

Stimulus tht becomes reinforcing bc associated with primary reinforcer. EX MONEY --> used for food.

Different reinforcer for diff ppl

Increase bvehavior by adding stimuus

Increase behavior by REMOVING stimulus

PUNISHMENT