Cognitive view of learning
A general approach that views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering, and using knowledge.
Cognitive science
The interdisciplinary study of thinking, language, intelligence, knowledge creation, and the brain.
Mirror systmes
Areas of the brain that activate both during perception of an action by watching someone else do the action, and when performing the action themselves.

Domain-specific knowledge
Information that is useful in a particular situation or that applies mainly to one specific topic.
General knowledge
Information that is useful in many different kinds of tasks; information that applies to many situations.
Information processing
The human mind's activity of taking in, storing, and using information.
Perception
The process of detecting a stimulus and assigning meaning to it. Based on both physical representations from the world and our existing knowledge.

Sensory Memory
System that holds sensory information very briefly. Lasts less than 3 seconds. Capacity is very large.
Bottom-up Processing
Perceiving based on noticing separate defining features and assembling them into a recognizable pattern. Also called data-driven.
Top-down processing
Making sense of information by using context and what we already know about the situation; sometimes called conceptually driven perception.

Gestalt
German for pattern or whole. Gestalt theorists hold that people organize their perceptions into coherent wholes.
Attention
Focus on a stimulus. Involved in all three memory processes: Sensory Memory, Long-Term Memory, and Working Memory.
Automaticity
The ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much mental effort.
Working memory
the information that you are focusing on at a given moment.

Sequential multitasking
Switching back and forth from one task to another, but focus on only one at a time.
Simultaneous multitasking
There is overlapping focus on several tasks at a time. (talking on phone while driving)
Short-term memory
Component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds.
at least four elements of working memory are:
1. Central executive. 2.

Phonological loop. 3. Visuospatial sketchpad. 4. Episodic buffer.

Three types of knowledge
Declarative (know what to do) Procedural (know how) Conditioning (know when and why to apply which type of knowledge)