Psych Test #3

A process through which experience procedures lasting change in behavior or mental processes

learning not to respond to repeated presentation of stimulus

Forms of learning that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses.

Two main types 1. Classical and 2.

Operant conditioning

studying digestion. Discovered classical conditioning.

any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning.

initial learning stage in classical conditioning.

The stimulus (food) that elicits on unconditioned response

A previously neutral stimulus (bell) that elicits the conditioned response (salivation)

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred.

The extension of a learned response (fear) to stimuli that are similar (rabbit) to the conditioned stimulus (rat).

associating in unpleasant response (nausea) from consuming food/drink, to the later sight, smell, taste, or thought of that item.

John Fiarcia; used aversive conditioning to dissuaded wild coyotes from attacking sheep

candies or ice cream during chemo

behavioral change is brought about by the manipulation of consequences

responses brought about by positive outcomes would be learned and repeated

condition that follows and strengthens a response

increases response/behavior: $, prize, reward

Decreases. Response/behavior time out, grounded

procedure for changing behavior by reinforcing responses that approach the desired goal.

reinforcement schedule in which all correct responses are reinforced.

reinforcement depends on the number of correct responses

reinforcement presented after a certain number of responses that varies from trial to trial. Proceduces the highest response rate

Reinforcing depends on the time interval

fufill basic biological needs of desires, such as water, food, and sex.

token as secondary reinforcers (stickers, trophies)

a preffered activity can reinforce a less preffered activity; studying for a test before going to a movie.

Application

Removal (taking car keys)

Power usually disappears when threat of punishment is removed (radar car)

1. Power usually disappears when threat of punishment is removed (radar car) 2. Rewards make the punishment worth the price 3. Often triggers escape or aggression 4.

Makes the learner apprehensive

loss of privileges—is used. Considered to be the most effective.

the cognitive view is some forms of learning are explained as changes in mental activity, but not always as a change in behavior.

Chimps problem solving occurs by means of a sudden reorganization of perception.

reported that watching violent behavior makes children more likely to behave violently.

Biological process involving physical changes that strengthen the synapses in the brain.

A cognitive system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information.

Human memory is not like a video recorded.

It is an INTERPRETIVE system

1. On which attention is focused 2. In which we are interested 3. That arouses us emotionally 4. That fits with our previous experiences 5. That we rehearse or practice

Attempt to connect a new concept with existing information in memory.

1. Sensory memory 2. Working memory 3. Long-Term memory

Iconic memory

Echoic memory

provides us with brief representation of all stimuli present at a particular moment.

2 strategies for dealing with the limits of working memory

Deeply processed information will be remembered.

1. Procedural memory 2. Declarative memory

Episodic & Semantic Memory

stores personal events, or "episodes"

Stores general knowledge, including meanings of words and concepts

1.

Unable to form declarative memories 2. Was the result of the removal of his hippocampus and amygdala

inability to form new memories

A clear and vivid long-term memory of an especially meaningful and emotional event.