The belief that there is no distinction between the physical brain and the mind represents the position known as
materialistic monism
The most important contribution made by Descartes was
suggesting a physical explanation of behavior.
According to the hydraulic model of the nervous system
nerves were hollow tubes that allowed fluid "animal spirits" to flow through them.
The 19th-century idea that that over 35 different mental faculties were located in specific parts of the brain was called
phrenology
In the mid-1800s, studies of brain damaged patients convinced researchers that
none of the above
Which of the following is believed to have a genetic basis?
All of the above
John is heterozygous for brown eyes, and his son Brad is homozygous for brown eyes.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
John and Brad have the same phenotype but different genotypes.
Which of the following is NOT true of gene activity?
Once genes become inactive (turned off), they remain inactive.
Which of the following traits has the highest degree of heritability?
Height
The best way to think about the relationship among genetics, environment, and intelligence is that
genetics sets the potential range and environment determines the actual capacity of intelligence.
A theory is
an explanation for specific observations about some phenomenon.
A study that allow researchers to determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between two variables is called
an experimental study.
If researchers studying the nervous system want to find and identify cell bodies of neurons, they are MOST likely to use which of the following techniques?
nissl staining
A stereotaxic instrument may be used to
all of the above
Which of the following brain imaging techniques involves the use of X-rays?
CT
Compared to monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins show ______________ concordance rate for schizophrenia.
a lower
Antisense RNA (gene-disabling) technology involves
interfering with protein construction controlled by the gene
Regarding animal research guidelines, which of the following is FALSE?
Procedures involving pain may not be performed on primates.
The MAIN advantage of fMRI brain imaging technique compared with MRI is that
it provides both an anatomical and functional view of the brain.
The biggest obstacle to using stem cells in medical research would be eliminated if researchers could get
none of the above
A neuron that transmits information between the central nervous system and a muscle is called a
motor neuron
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the action potentials generated by a neuron?
They are always the same strength.
In myelinated axons, action potentials
occur only at the gaps in the myelin sheath called the nodes of Ranvier.
Glial cells have been shown to perform all of the following functions EXCEPT
transmitting action potentials
Temporal summation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) causes the membrane interior of the postsynaptic neuron to become
more negative
In an artificial neural network, MOST of the processing occurs in which layer of neurons?
hidden
The preforontal cortex is involved in all of the following functions EXCEPT
body positioning and movement
The somatosensory cortex is located in the __________________ lobe.
parietal
Which of the following statements regarding the corpus callosum is FALSE?
It is located in the midbrain.
Which of the following is an example of brain reorganization?
all of the above
Alcohol is BEST classified as a _______________ drug.
depressant
Which of the following drugs influence the activity of GABA?
all of the above
Psychedelic drugs often produce hallucinations by
stimulating serotonin receptors
The MOST compelling reason to believe that marijuana is an addictive substance is that
animals will self-administer it
Which stimulant increases arousal level through blocking of adenosine receptors?
caffeine
Recent evidence regarding the role of dopamine in learning suggests that
dopamine is more likely to be released when a reinforcer is unpredictable.
Which of the following characteristics typifies early-onset alcoholics?
They tend to be novelty seekers.
Agonist treatments for drug addiction
mimic the drug's effect
People with the A1 allele
are more likely to be alcoholics.
Which of the following will increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (mesolimbocortial dopamine system)?
all of the above
The view of modern psychologists regarding instincts is that
they exist in lower organisms but either not in humans or only in minimal form.
In homeostasis, the set point is
a level of equilibrium to which the system strives to return.
During the absorptive phase of digestion,
some of the glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and mucles.
The difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is
anorexia nervosa includes excessive exercising, binge/purge cycles, and caloric restriction while bulimia nervosa is limited to binge/purge cycles.
Compulsive eating and drug abuse are both associated with __________ in ___________ receptors.
deficits; D2
Males have a sexual _______________ period while females do not.
refractory
Which brain area is most important for sexual responses of both sexes?
medial preoptic area
The neurotransmitter ________________ is released in the __________ and this mirrors behavior during the Coolidge effect.
dopamine, nucleus accumbens
Which of the following is true with regard to the causation of homosexuality?
Homosexuality appears to be partly biologically determined.
Which of the following statements regarding pheromones in humans is FALSE?
Pheromones have been linked to sexual attraction, but not sexual behavior.
