Implicit Learning
Learning without trying to learn
How encoding and retrieval occur in implicit learning
Without conscious intent or awareness
Examples of implicit learning
Where keys are on a keyboard, physical exercises, golf swing, communication skills
Procedural Learning Definition
Aquisition of a skill or habit through repeated performance and practice
How retrieval occurs in procedural learning
Without conscious intent or awareness
How long something learned procedurally usually lasts
VERY long
How do we measure procedural learning:?
Sequence learning tasks (view a sequence of events and asked to respond to certain targets) where some sequences occur with high or low probability
Explicit learning involves which part of the brain?
Medial temporal lobe and the frontal cortex
Explicit learning has _______ memory representations
flexible
Implicit learning involves which part of the brain
Striatum
Implicit learning has ________ memory representations
Inflexible
Describe patient HM and what we learned from him
Epileptic patient that received a medial temporal lobectomy, and after surgery was not able to form new explicit memories but was able to form new procedural memories
Describe the effect Parkinson's Disease has on memory
They are not able to form new procedural memories but can form new explicit memories
Double Dissociation
Shows how two mental processes function differently from each other
-damage to striatum leads to bad implicit memory
-damage to the MTL leads to bad explicit memory
Priming definition
Effect where prior exposure to a stimulus influences how you react to the stimulus another time without being aware of it
Lexical decision task
Judge whether a string of letters is a word or not
-main finding was that words are recognized faster than non-words and frequent words are recognized faster than infrequent words
What Donald Hebb said that was sooooo important
When neural activity in the same neuron occur repeatedly, the connections between them get stronger and it's easier to activate them in the future
-fire together wire together?
What happens to priming as we age
Priming gets stronger
(think racist grandpa)
Operant conditioning definition
Strength of a behavior is modified by the behavior's consequences
Classical conditioning definition
A behavior elicited by a natural stimulus is then elicited by a neutral stimulus
Effects of a positive reward
Increases likelihood of a behavior by giving them something, adding to it
Effects of a negative reward
Increases likelihood by rewarding them through not doing something
Effects of a positive punishment
Decreases likelihood by doing something (hitting)
Effects of a negative punishment
Decreases likelihood by taking something away
What happens to classical conditioning as we age?
It is spared/stays the same
What happens to procedural learning as we age?
It decreases
