L&B Learning Check 8

In the previous question describing a pigeon pecking a treadle to obtain food, researchers used a. both answers an observer-demonstrator paradigm and a bi-directional procedure b. bi-directional procedure c. classical and operant conditioning to train these subjects d.

observer-demonstrator paradigmn

A young child watches his mother use the computer. Later, the child's mother notices him moving the mouse around and clicking the buttons on the mouse. This behavior could be explained by a.

imitation b. observational conditioning c. stimulus enhancement d. local enhancement

Many studies that claim to have observed imitation are questionable as they a. are based on natural observation b.

infer the use of cognitive processes c. involve the use of nonhuman primates d. do not use an observer-demonstrator paradigm

All of the following are plausible explanations for observational learning except a.

stimulus enhancement b. local enhancement c. retention d. imitation

According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, social learning requires all of the following except a. retention b. enhancement c. motivation d. attention

In Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll studies, he used a. children with no history of violence b. an observer-demonstrator paradigm c. not only conspecifics but other organisms d.

local enhancement

Susan Mineka's research with Rhesus monkeys has shown that monkeys can a. use Bandura's four requirements for social learning similar to humans b. develop classically conditioned fear responses from watching a demonstrator c. use stimulus enhancement to avoid snakes or other predators d.

imitate the use of a tredle to gain access to food

If an individual obtains information about the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and a condition response or a response-reinforcer contingency simply by observing another individual, this is called a. local enhancement b. observational conditioning c. imitation d. stimulus enhancement

In an experiment with an octopus, researcher found that if an observer octopus watched a demonstrator interact with a red ball, the observer would also interact with the red ball. This could be best explain by a. observational learning b. stimulus enhancement c. local enhancement d.

imitation

Which of the following focuses on or highlights the importance of cognitions in Bandura's observational learning model? a. motivation to perform the behavior b. retention of information c. ability to execute the behavior effectively d. reproduction of behavior

Several school children have gone to the far side of the playground. Slowly, other children begin to go to the far end of the playground. This behavior could be explained by a. stimulus enhancement b.

local enhancement c. imitation d. observational conditioning

While the mechanisms that control observational learning are in question, research with human children and adults supports the claims that a. humans are often subject to stimulus enhancement b.

violent media increases the occurrence of aggressive behaviors c. retention is a necessary component of imitation d. imitation doesn't occur in nonhuman animals

Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory suggests that a.

you are influenced by other individuals b. all of the above c. you are influenced by your own behaviors d. you are not influenced by your own thoughts

An observer pigeon is allowed to watch a demonstrator pigeon peck a treadle to get food. As a result of this observation, the observer pigeon pecks the treadle to get food. In another experiment, an observer pigeon is allowed to watch a demonstrator pigeon push a treadle with it's foot to get food. As a result of this observation, the observer pigeon pushes the treadle with it's foot to get food.

This is an example of a. observational conditioning b. imitation c. stimulus enhancement d. local enhancement

Some researchers have argued that social or observation learning is problematic because a.

cognition would be required to explain such learning b. learning has been defined as changes in behavior that result from experience c. behaviors are not always the product of an observer-demonstrator paradigm d. young individuals are not capable of imitation

Observational learning is thought to provide an evolutionary advantage to fitness in that it is the potential basis for all of the following except a. problem solving b.

language c. culture d. tool use

Learning that takes place by watching another person is referred to as a. operant conditioning b.

noncontingent learning c. classical conditioning d. observational learning

Multiple factors have been show to change the effectiveness of observational learning such as all of the following except a. the observer's learning history b. the model's age c.

the observer's age d. the consequences of the observer and model's behavior

Generalized imitation can be defined as a. the tendency to imitate modeled behavior even though the behavior is not reinforced b.

the imitation of behaviors in a variety of contexts or situations c. imitation that occurs despite changes in the eliciting stimuli d. the discrimination between when a behavior is imitated or modeled

Imitation can be defined as a. the cognitive process of using procedural processes in order to perform a task b.

obtaining information about the relationship between a response-reinforcer contingency c. the completion of a task that requires one to think about a demonstrators thoughts d. the acquisition of a novel, goal-oriented behavior as the result of observing a demonstrator