archeologist
studies artifacts
historian
studies written material
geographer
studies natural environment and how it effects people
paleoanthropologist
studies hominids and humans
artifact
has certain historical significance
prehistoric
before recorded history
purposes of cave art
religious beliefs, hunt
australopithecus
no language, lucy, had no tools, used arms, solitary
homo habilius
(skillful/handy man) in groups, some communication, larger brain, had a simple tool
homo erectus
(upright man) created fire, walk/ran, first to migrate out
homo sapiens
(thinking man) had shelter, tools, clothing, weapons
uses of fire
light, cooking, heat, protection
eoliths
(dawn stone) rock used for anything
culture
patterns of behavior and learning
utilization, fashioning, standardization
described the stages of human invention of tools
paleolithic
old stone age, hunting and gathering, nomadic
neolithic
new stone age, domestication and farming
fertile crescent
in Mediterranean, rivers were unpredictable, great agriculture
elementary family
mom, dad, children
extend family
cousins, aunts, uncles
clan
many extended families
tribe
many clans
totem
used by clans/tribes, described who they worshiped and what they were called
catal huyuk
present turkey, has oldest known map, showed degree of organization
animism
religious belief that life exists in everything in nature
8 elements of civilization
1. food and water
2. social structure
3.
writing 4. system of government/division of labor 5. trade 6. religious system 7. technology 8.
monumental architecture
bronze age
invention of copper and tin
ziggurat
oldest known monumental architecture
cuneiform
form of writing, stylus pressed into wet tablet, symbols
pictographs
pictures that represent words or phrases
sumer/ standard of ur
first civilization known
ensi
priest
lugal
landowner, later known as kings
akkadian empire
ruled by sargon, aggressive in defeats
babylonian empire
ruled by hammurabi who created the postal system, valvued trade, family, private property
assyrian empire
had aqueducts, dams, militaristic strategies/weapons
neo-babylonian empire
ruled by nebuchadnezzar, took the israelites and held them captive
girlgamesh
searched for eternal life, 2/3 god and 1/3 man
first species to use fire
homo erectus
present-day humans most closely resemble...
cro-magnon man
humankind has created patterns of behavior and learning termed.
..
culture
utilization, fashioning, and standardization describe stages of..
.
the human invention of tools
transition of human beings from food-gathering to food-producing occurred during the...
neolithic age
bronze is a combination of.
..
copper and tin
who were the very powerful nobles/landowners in early Mesopotomia?
lugal
what did the mesopotamians believe to protect humans from evil spirits
rituals and omens
what did the assyrian empire have
1. efficient system of communications
2. strong monarchs
3.
strong army 4. unified weak and unstable regions of mesopotamia
what did lydians invent
coins
process that made iron harder and more durable
ironing
