BIOL107 – Quiz 5 (Start Unit #3)

the study of how animals/organisms respond to stimuli

the observable and coordinated response to an environmental stimulus; regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems, which are controlled by genes and the environment; is a phenotype (subject to natural selection)

-innate/instinctive behaviors -inherited from parents -highly stereotypical (similar patterns of responses each time and similarities between individuals) -critical for survival 1. Taxis, kinesis 2. Reflex 3.

Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) 4. Primate innate behaviors

-feeding behaviors -avoiding predators -reproductive behaviors

-taxis - kinesis behaviors -reflex -fixed action pattern (FAP) -primate innate behaviors

defined as the movement of a body part in response to a stimulus -very simple innate behavior -ex. knee-jerk, tongue flicking in garter snakes

-complex series of movements in response to a specific stimulus -releaser of the behavior is the sign stimulus -NOT a learned behavior, is an innate behavior -very ritualistic behavior ex. peach-faced lovebirds

releaser of the behavior in FAP

-most simple innate behavior -organisms with simple nervous system have these types of stimuli -positive = towards the stimulus -negative = away from the stimulus thermo --> temperature chemo --> chemicals photo --> light geo --> gravity

Positive geo taxis (stimulus is gravity)

-smiling -aggressive facial patterns -defensive forelimb movements -hand to mouth movements -reaching and grasping movements -social, fighting, survival, and feeding

-modified by the environment; -can have a change in behavior due to experience -can become more complex with practice/experience 1. Imprinting 2. Associative Learning (Classical & Operant Conditioning) 3.

Others

-a behavior that develops during a critical or sensitive period which can last several days; -critical time depends on species ex. baby ducklings follow the first object they see upon hatching, sensitive time is a few hours within hatching ; can be done on habitats, vocalizations/song in birds, scents/pheromones -NOT an innate behavior -modified by environment - is learned behavior

recognizing appropriate habitat for survival and reproduction -ex. birds return to nest year after year -ex. salmon on the chemistry of stream where they were born.

a change in behavior that involves and association between two events; 2 types: 1.

Classical Conditioning 2. Operant Conditioning

learning to associate an unrelated stimulus with a primary stimulus; ex. Pavlov's dog

Fischer lovebird (carry nesting material in beak) mated to Peach-faced lovebird (carry nesting material in rump feathers) result in offspring with intermediate behavior. Offspring of inland garter snakes (do not eat slugs) and coastal garter snakes (eat slugs) show an intermediate liking for slugs

Gene for egg-laying hormone in Aplysia was isolated and its protein product controls egg-laying behavior. The gene fosB has been found to control maternal behavior in mice.

Associative Learning

Just hatched, laughing gull chicks instinctively peck at parents bill to be fed but their accuracy improves after a few days.

Chimpanzees pile up boxes to reach food and ravens use their beak and feet to bring up food attached to a string.

the behavior develops only during a specific time