Two types of cells found in nervous tissue? What do they do?
1) Neurolglia-Support, Bind, Protect2)Neuron-Conducts nerve impulses
6 types of neuroglia and what they do?
1)Astrocyte-Maintains shem balance around neuron2)Oligodendrocyte-Produces myelin in CNS3)Microglia-Fights invading microbes4)Ependymal-Forms cerebral spinal fluid5)Shwan call- Make myelin in PNS6)Satellite cell-Supports neuron in PNS
Know structure of neuron and what each structure does
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/gifs/Neuron.GIFCell bodyNucleusMyelin sheath-InsulatesNode of RanvierSchwans cells- Make MyelinAxon-Conducting fibersAxon terminal- Transmitters(synapse)Dendrites-Recievers
What is the importance of Myelin?
Myelin insulates the axon and helps speed up transmission
What is myelin made of?
70-80% lipids20-30% proteins
Where would you mostly find myelin?
Axon of a neuron
What is a tract?
A bundle of nerve fibers
What is a nerve
A bundle of fibers composed of neurons that connects the body parts and organs to the central nervous system and carries impulses from one part of the body to another.
What are nerve fibers
a process, axon, or dendrite of a nerve cell.
What are nuclei?
compact cluster of neurons
What is ganglia?
Regulate the functioning of the body's organs and glands as part of the autonomic nervous system
Organizations and divisions of the nervous system and what each of the terms refers to?
Nervous SystemCentral-Nrains and Spinal cordPeripheral-Afferent-Receptors Efferent-Somatic-Skeletal Muscles-Voluntary Parasympathetic-Motor neurons(smooth, cardiac, muscle and glandssm sensory neruons -organs), rest and digest, decrease heart rate, involuntary
Resting membrane-What ions are present and on which side? Which ion is the membrane more permeable to and why?
ECF-NA and ClICF-PO4 and KPermable to K because higher concentration on inside of cell
What is the charge inside the neuron?
-70 mV
Different types of ion channels?
1)Leakage2)Voltage-gated3)Ligand-gated(chemical)4)Mechanical gated
What is happening during a graded potential
Charges in membrane potential that vary in size as opposed to being all-or-none.
What is the relative refractory period?
The period during which a stronger than normal stimulus is needed in order to elicit an action potential
What is the absolute refractory period?
The period from the initiation of the action potential to immediately after the peak
Speed of impulse down a neuron is determined by;
1)Diameter2)Myelin or no myelin3)Temperature
How do local anesthetics work on the nervous system?
By blocking Na from transmitting across the neurons
What must be present for repair of nerves in the PNS
Cell body and neurolemma
Disorder of Multiple Sclerosis
Progressive destruction of myelin sheath in neurons of the CNSFighting itself, forms scar tissue, non conductive, forms pressure and blocks sodium degenerating activity in neruonAutoimmune diseaseHardened scars or plaque, develop in myelin sheath in multiple areas-white matter
Disroder- Epilepsy
clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally causing strange sensations, emotions, and behavior, or sometimes convulsions, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness.
What do you call the gaps in myelin sheath?
Nodes of raniber
The nucleus of a neuron is located in what part of a neuron?
Cell body
Which neuralgia cell in a central nervous system protect the nervous system that eats bacteria?
Microglia
What part of a neuron might be myelinated?
Axon
Which branch of the neuron carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Afferent neurons carry nervous impulses from this to this
Body to brain or PNS to CNS
Which part of the cell body conducts nerve impulses to the body?
Dendrites
During depolarization which ion is flowing into cell?
Na
Which type of cell is most likely to become tumorous?
Neuroglia
The leaping action of an action potential is known as what conduction?
Saltitory conduction
In cell membrane which ion channel is most abundant?
K
What do we call the period for an action potential that cannot happen?
Refractory period
Of the structural neurons what neuron is known as having one main axon and one dendrite?
Unipolar
Put in order;cell body, dendrite, axon
Dendrite, cell body, axon
What determines the speed of nervous impulse?
Diameter
How many mV must be obtained for threshold?
-55mV
What is the term for process of depolarizing and repolarizing neuron?
Action potential
Which principle states you will have action potential or you will not have an action potential?
All-or-none principal
Which neurons take information from the brain to an effector?
Efferent
What triggers an action potential?
Depolarized graded potential
Which type of neurons can undergo mitosis?
Neuralgia crlls
Which neurotransmitter is most common in PNS?
Acetylcholine
What disorder leads to aggressiveness in the CNS?
Rabies
Which neurotransmitter functions as a pleasure center and is an addictive behavior?
Dopamine
Name a disorder that causes temporary paralysis by damaging myelin on axon or neuron
Guilin-bare syndrome
Auto immune disorders where there is scarring and destruction of myelin sheath in CNS?
Multi-scoliosis
Voltage for AP to happen?
30mV
