Cisco Routing Protocols and Concepts Course

Which of the following matches a router component with its function? FLASH - stores the bootstrap program ROM - stores the startup configuration file NVRAM - stores the operating system image RAM - stores the routing table and ARP cache

Construct the sequence of events that occurs during the router startup process. POST Bootstrap IOS is found and loaded Configuration file is loaded from NVRAM

Which two commands can a technician use to determine if the router serial ports have IP addresses that are assigned to them? (Choose two.) sho interfaces sho int ip bri sho controllers all sho ip config sho ip int bri

Which of the following commands will set the privileged mode password to "quiz"? enable secret quiz password secret quiz enable password secret quiz enable secret password quiz

Which routing principle is correct? If one router has certain information in its routing table, all adjacent routers have the same information. Routing information about a path from one network to another implies routing information about the reserve, or return path. Every router makes its routing decisions alone, based on the information it has in its own routing table. Every router makes its routing decisions based on the information it has in its own routing able and its neighbor routing tables.

Which two tasks do dynamic routing protocols perform? discover hosts update and maintain routing tables propagate host default gateways network discovery assign IP addressing

A network engineer is configuring a new router. The interfaces have been configured with IP addresses but no routing protocols or static routes have been configured yet. What routes are present in the routing table? default routes broadcast routes direct connections No routes. The routing table is empty.

What two statements are correct regarding how a router forwards packets? If the packet is destined for a remote network, the router forwards the packet out all interfaces that might be next hop to that network. If the packet is destined for a directly connected network, the router forwards the packet out the exit interface indicated by the routing table. If the packet is destined for a remote network, the router forwards the packet based on the information in the router host table. If the packet is destined for a remote network, the router sends the packet to the next hop IP in the routing table. If the packet Is destined for a directly connected network, the router forwards the packet based on the destination MAC address. If the packet is destined for a directly connected network, the router forwards the packet to the switch on the next hop VLAN.

Which statement is true regarding metrics used by routing protocols? A metric is the quantitative value a routing protocol uses to measure a given route. A metric is a Cisco proprietary means to convert distances to a standard unit. Metrics represent a composite value of the amount of packet loss occurring for all routing protocols. Metrics are used by the router to determine if a packet has an error and should be dropped. Metrics are only used by dynamic routing protocols.

Which port is used to connect a router to a LAN switch?

The network administrator configured the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0 command on the router. How will this command appear in the routing table assuming the serial 0/0 interface is up?

Which statement is true concerning configuring static routes using next hop addresses? Router cannot use more than one static route with a next hop address. When the router identifies that a packet is destined for a route associated both a next hop address in the routing table, the router requires no further information and can immediately forward the the packet. Routers configured with a static route using a next hop address must either have the exit interface listed in the route or have another route with the network of the next hop and an associated exit interface. Routes associated with next hop addresses are efficient than routes going to exit interfaces.

Which three are characteristics of static route? (Choose three.) reduces the memory and processing burdens on a router ensures that there is always a path available used for networks with multiple routes to a destination network used for routers that connect to stub networks used for networks with a single route to a destination network reduces configuration time

Which of the following is a function of the IOS command show cep neighbors? It displays the port and platform of neighboring Cisco routers. It displays the device capability code of all non-Cisco routers. It displays platform information for all devices in the network. It displays the protocol encapsulations by neighboring routers.

Which statement is true concerning directly connected routes? They appear in the routing table as soon as cables are connected to the router. They appear in the routing table when the routing protocol is configured on the router. They appear in the routing table when the no shutdown command is entered in the router interface configuration mode. They appear in the routing table when an IP address is configured on an interface, and the show interface command shows the interface is up, line protocol is up.

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the card). split horizon poison reverse route poisoning holddown timers (answer: option 1)

Which four statements are true regarding distance vector protocols? (Choose four.) Hop counts can be used for path selection. They scale well. Routing updates are broadcast at intervals. EIGRP can do unequal-cost load balancing. RIPv1 multicasts its routing updates. RIP sends its entire routing table to directly connected neighbors.

Which conditions cause distant vector routing protocols to send routing table updates? (Choose three.) when the hold down timer expires when a chance occurs in the network topology when the update timer value expires when a triggered update is received from another router when a packet is received that is destined for an unknown network when there have been no routing table changes for 30 minutes

What are two characteristics of EIGRP updates? (Choose two.) include all EIGRP routes include the full routing table independent of architecture only triggered for route topology changes broadcast to affected neighbors bounded to affected next hop routers

What feature was added to RIP to help with synchronization errors? Holddown timer RIP_JITTER RIP_DELAY Jitter Control

Which two of the following are timers used for RIP? Invalid Refresh Flush Deadlink Hello

Which statements is true concerning the advantages of a distance vector protocol? periodic updates speed up convergence convergence times makes routing loops impossible ease of implementation makes configuration simple they work well in complex networks their convergence timers are faster than link state routing protocols

Which mechanism can be used to avoid a count to infinity loop split horizon route poisoning holddown timers triggered updates split horizon with poison reverse

What allows distance vector protocols to avoid routing loops by advertising a metric of infinity?

Which field in the IP header ensures that packets will not loop endlessly on a network? CRC TOS TTL Checksum

Match the loop preventing mechanisms to the corresponding function. 1. split horizon 2. route poisoning 3.holddown timers 4. triggered updates A. routes learn through an interface are not advertised out that same interface B. routes learned through an interface are advertised back out the same interface as unreachable C. topology changes are immediately sent to adjacent routers D. allows time for topology changes to travel through entire network

What are two advantages of static routing over dynamic routing? (Choose two). configuration is less error prone more secure because routers do not advertise routes growing the network usually does not present a problem no computing overhead administrator has less work maintaining the configuration

Match the routing protocol to its description. 1-RIP 2-IGRP 3-OSPF 4-EIGRP 5-BGP A- distance vector exterior routing protocol B- Cisco's advanced interior routing protocol C- link-state interior routing protocol D- distance vector interior routing protocol E- Cisco's distance vector interior routing protocol

Which statement best describes convergence of a network? The amount of time required for router to share administrative configuration changes, such as password changes, from one end of a network to the other end. The time required for the routers in the network to update their routing tables after a topology change has occurred. The time required for the routers in one autonomous system to learn routes to destinations in another autonomous system. The time required for routers running disparate routing protocols to update their routing tables.

Which two parameters are used to calculate metrics? (Choose two.) -hop count -up time -bandwidth -convergence time -administrative distance

Which routing protocol has the most trustworthy administrative distance by default? - EIGRP internal routes -ISIS -OSPF -RIPv1 -RIPv2

How many equal cost paths can a dynamic routing protocol use for load balancing by default? - 2 - 3 - 4 - 6

Which command will show the administrative distance of router? R1# show interfaces R1# show ip route R1# show ip interfaces R1# debug ip routing

When do directly connected networks appear in the routing table? - when they are included in a static route - when they are used as an exit interface -as soon as they are addressed and operational at layer 2 - as soon as they are addressed and operational at layer 3 -always when a no shutdown command is used

Router1 is using the RIPv2 routing protocol and has multiple unequal paths to reach a destination network. How will Router1 determine which path is the best path to the destination network? - lowest metric - highest metric -lowest administrative distance -highest administrative distance -it will load balance between up to four paths

Match the administrative distance to the corresponding routing protocol in the right column. 5 ------------ eBGP 20 ----------- EIGRP (Internal) 90 ----------- EIGRP (External) 100 ---------- ISIS 110 ---------- OSPF 115 ---------- RIP 120 170 200

Match the characteristics to the correct categories CLASSFUL ROUTING or CLASSLESS ROUTING -Does not support discontiguous networks -Supported by EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP -Sends subnet mask in its routing updates -Supports discontiguous networks -Supported by RIP version 1 and IGRP -Does not send subnet mask in its routing updates -Cisco proprietary -Open Standard

What two commands will determine whether auto-summarization is in effect for RIP? (Choose two.) -show running-config -show ip route -show ip interface -show interface -show ip protocols

Which statement regarding RIPv2 is correct? -RIP version 2 will auto-summarize the most efficient mask -RIP version 2 will auto-summarize at the major network boundary -RIP version 2 requires manual configuration for summarizing routes -By default RIP version 2 and RIP version 1 do not handle route summarization the same

What is the default behavior of the RIP routing protocol if no version type is specified? -send and receive version 1 updates only -send version 1 updates only, receive version 1 and 2 updates -receive version 1 updates only, send version 1 and 2 updates -send and receive both version 1 and 2 updates

What condition would RIPv2 allow that RIPv1 would not allow? -16 hops from one end of the network to the other -redistribution of EIGRP -a 192.168.0.0/16 network -a router with more than 3 interfaces

How do RIPv1 and RIPv2 differ? -Only RIPv1 provides authentication in its updates -Only RIPv1 uses split horizon to prevent routing loops -Only RIPv2 uses 16 hops as the metric value for infinite distance -Only RIPv2 sends subnet mask information with its routing updates

Match the numbered items into the right determining support for VLSM. 1. RIPv1 2. EIGRP 3. IGRP 4. IS-iS 5. OSPF 6. RIPv2 Protocols that support VLSM Protocols that do not support VLSM

Match the number/description to the appropriate term. (One option not used.) 1. ability to divide one IP addresses into different subnets 2. combining several IP network addresses in one IP address 3. ability to specify a different subnet mask for the same network number and different subnets 4. also known as supernetting 5. conserves address space 6. uses to reduce the number of entries in a routing table VLSM Route summarization

What two methods were used to allow the continued use of IPv4 addressing once the available hosts were exhausted? (Choose two.) variable length subnetting the IPv4 address range was expanded private addresses were used with address translation classful routing was implemented IPv$ was abandoned in favor of IPv6 for all hosts. supernetting was implemented

The following subnet masks have been chosen for use with the 192.168.16.0 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.192 Which of the following identify the most efficient use for each of these masks? (Choose three.) Use the /30 mask for point-to-point links, such as WAN connections Use the /30 mask for subnetworks of four or more hosts Use the /28 mask for small subnetworks with up to 14 hosts Use the /26 mask for larger subnetworks with up to 62 hosts Use the /25 mask for the subnetworks with up to 30 hosts Use the /24 mask for point-to-point links, such as WAN connections

When using a classful class A IP address scheme, how many octets are used to designate the network portion of the address? 1 2 3 4

Select the VLSM subnets of the 172.16.0.0 network that will simultaneously provide the total number of required hosts on each subnet? Match the subnet with the number of required hosts. (Not all options are used.) 172.16.64.0/18 172.16.16.64.30 172.16.128.0/19 172.16.144.0/25 172.16.18.0/24 172.16.5.128/26 172.16.10.128/28 2 hosts 60 hosts 250 hosts 8,000 hosts 16,000 hosts

A network engineer is summarizing the two groups of routes on router R1 shown. Which summarization will work for all the subnets? Group A 192.168.0.0/30 192.168.0.4/30 192.168.0.8/30 192.168.0.16/29 Group B 192.168.4.0/30 192.168.5.0/30 192.168.6.0/30 192.168.7.0/29 - 192.168.0.0/23 - 192.168.0.0/22 - 192.168.0.0/21 - 192.168.0.0/20

How many bits are used in the IPv4 address space?

Categorize each address by matching it to the appropriate group. Not all items are used. 192.14.0.0 191.254.45.0 123.90.78.45 128.44.0.23 129.68.11.45 126.0.0.0 198.162.11.0 125.33.23.56 Class A Addresses Class B Addresses

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 2

Which statement is true about the debug ip rip command? It searches through the running configuration and shows possible errors in the RIP configuration It displays RIP routing updates as they are sent and received It automatically identifies routing loops It shows the history RIP updates over the previous 90 seconds

What problem does the command passive-interface help resolve? prevents confusion if both RIPv1 and RIPv2 are being advertised on a network prevents wasted bandwidth and processing from unnecessary updates prevents routing loops prevents updates from being send out without a password

What makes a router a boundary router in RIP? if it is on the edge of an autonomous system if a router has multiple interfaces in more than one major classful network if it runs both RIP and EIGRP at the same time if it is configured to be a boundary router by an administrator

What command is used with RIP to propagate default routes to neighbors? network 0.0.0.0 ip summary-address rip (address mask) ip default-network (address) default-information originate

What command will create a candidate default route on a RIP router? default-information originate ip default-network 0.0.0.0 ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0/0/0

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

How does a router running RIPv1 determine the subnet mask of the routes that are received in routing updates? The subnet mask is included in the routing update The router sends a request for the subnet mask to the sending router The router uses the subnet mask of the local interface or the default subnet mask for the address class in the routing update The router calculates the subnet mask based on the variable length subnetting in its own configuration The router defaults to 255.255.255.0 for all updates

What is the administrative distance of the route to 192.168.5.0 network? #sho route C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:024, Serial0/0/1 0 1 12 24 120

What is the purpose of the "network" command when RIP is being configured as the routing protocol? It identifies the networks connected to the neighboring router It restricts networks from being used for static routes It identifies all of the destination networks that the router is allowed to install in its routing table It identifies the directly connected networks that will be included in the RIP routing updates

To ensure proper routing in a network, the network administrator should always check the router configuration to verify that appropriate routes are available. The commands on the left will allow the network administrator to view the router configuration for the information needed. Match each command to its result. 1. debug ip rip 2. show ip protocols 3. show running-config 4. show ip route 5. show int A. displays the current configuration information for the configured routing protocols and interfaces B. checks to see that the interfaces are up and operational C. displays the networks advertised in the updates as the updates are sent and received D. verifies the routing protocol is running and advertising the correct networks E. verifies that routes received are installed in the routing table

What is the purpose of the EIGRP PDM? PDM is the Layer 4 protocol EIGRP uses to share routing information PDM is the mechanism EIGRP uses to ensure the availability of neighboring routers PDM is the algorithm engine used by EIGRP to create routing tables PDM provides modular support for Layer 3 protocols PDM is the distance to a destination as reported by a neighboring router

Match the EIGRP terms and concepts with the correct descriptions. Not all options are used. Neighbor table Topology table Routing table Successor route Feasible successor route Summary route - the primary route to be used, selected by DUAL - backup path to a destination network - contains all learned routes to all destinations networks - contains the EIGRP routes to be used for packet forwarding - most important EIGRP data source, lists adjacent routers

What type of EIGRP packet is used to discover, verify, and rediscover neighboring routers? Acknowledgment Hello Query Reply

What type of EIGRP packet is used to discover, verify, and rediscover neighboring routers? Acknowledgment Hello Query Reply

Which of the following tables does a router running EIGRP maintain? (Choose three.) Dual table Feasible distance table Neighbor table OSPF table Routing table Topology table

What is the purpose of the EIGRP neighbor and topology tables? The neighbor and topology tables are used by DUAL to build the routing table The neighbor table is sent to all neighboring routers, which use it to build topology tables The topology table is sent to all routers listed in the neighbor table The neighbor table is used by DUAL to create the topology table The neighbor table is broadcast to neighbor routers, while the topology table is broadcast to all other routers

Match the DUAL term with the correct definition. Feasible successor Successor Reported distance Feasible distance Routing table Topology table - table that contains successors and feasible successors - lowest calculated metric to reach the destination network - a viable backup path to a network - table that contains successors only - route that is used for packet forwarding and is the least-cost route

A network administrator is troubleshooting an EIGRP routing issue. What command will show the administrator all possible paths to a destination? Show ip route Show ip eigrp topology active Show ip eigrp neighbors detail Show ip eigrp topology all-links Show ip eigrp topology summary

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 4

Match the commands on the top to the associated configuration task on the bottom. COMMANDS: 1-interface fastethernet 0/0 2-ip address 192.168.35.11 255.255.255.0 3-ip address 192.168.35.11/24 4-config terminal 5-ip 192.168.35.11 255.255.255.0 6-ip 192.168.35.11/24 7-no shutdown 8-show interfaces fastethernet 0/0 TASKS: A-enter global configuration mode B-enter interface configuration mode C-configure ip address D-activate the interface

Command to display all known networks

Command to display detailed port information

Command to display routing troubleshooting information

Command to display basic port information

Command to display directly connected routers

Command to display DTE/DCE information

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 1 & 4

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 1

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 2

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 4

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 3

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 1

Which routing protocol is considered a link-state protocol? RIPv1 RIPv2 EIGRP IS-IS BGP

Which of the following mechanisms are used by link-state routing protocols to build and maintain routing tables?(Choose Three) Service network advertisements Hello packets Link-state advertisements Routing table broadcasts Shortest path first algorithm Spanning Tree Protocol

Match the attributes to the associated protocol 1. Used timed updates 2. Uses Bellman-Ford algorithm 3. Builds complete topology 4. Uses Dijkstra algorithm 5. Fast Convergence 6. Hardware Intensive 7. Depends on neighbor routes 8. Routes by "rumor" Link State Distance Vector

What is one advantage of link-state protocols over most distance-vector protocols? Ability to route IPX Continual route checking with periodic updates Fast convergence Lower hardware requirements

Why do link-state protocols converge faster than most distance vector protocols? Distance vector protocols compute their routing tables before sending any routing update, link-state protocols do not. Link-state protocols have lower computing requirements than distance vector protocols Link-state protocols send updates out more often than distance vector protocols Distance vector protocols receive more packets per update than link-state protocols

What information is contained in LSPs sent by link state routers to their neighbors? A copy of the routing table A copy of the topology database The state of directly connected links The most current version of the SPF tree

What is one disadvantage of link-state protocols over distance-vector protocols? Slow convergence Flat network topology Periodic updates Higher processing requirements

After two OSPF routers have exchanged Hello packets and formed an adjacency, what is the next thing to occur? They will take turns broadcasting their entire routing table to each other They will start sending link-state packets to each other They negotiate to determine who will be the root router They will adjust their hello timers so they don't collide with each other

How does a router learn about a directly connected network? When the administrator configures a static route When the administrator configures a dynamic routing protocol When the administrator assigns an IP address and subnet mask to the interface When a broadcast address is discovered on a specific interface

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 1, 3, 5

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 1, 4

Refer to the exhibit (Flip the slide). answer: option 4

Router R1 is configured with R1(config)# no ip classless and R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0. What will R1 do with a packet that matches a parent route but does not match any associated child routes Forward the packet using the longest parent route match Forward the packet via the default route Return the packet with an icmp "destination unreachable" message to the source address Drop the packet

What do the ip classless and no ip classless commands do? Determine the address lookup behavior of the routing process Specify whether the router will accept subnet masks in routing updates Restrict the use of classful or classless routing protocols Allow the route to accept or not accept VLSM for interface addresses

If a packet matches a level 1 parent route in the routing table, what occurs next in the lookup process? The router will drop the packet since level 1 requires an exit interface The router will look for the level 2 child route with an exit interface The router will send the packet out all interfaces except the one in which it was received The router will ARP all connected networks to find the interface with destination on it

In the route lookup process, what constitutes the preferred route? The ultimate route The longest match of left-most bits The shortest prefix length The first route that resolves to an exit interface

What action will enable classful routing behavior on a router? Configuring RIPv1 or IGRP Configuring a link-state routing protocol Using only classful netmasks on all networks Issuing the no ip classless command

Router R1 is configured with R1(config)# ip classless and R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0. What will R1 do with a packet that matches a parent route but does not match any associated child routes? Forward the packet using the longest parent route match Forward the packet via the default route Return the packet with an icmp "destination unreachable" message to the source address Drop the packet

Which characteristics can be used to determine if a route is an ultimate route? The route displays a subnet mask The route is a parent route The route was configured by an administrator The route includes an exit interface

Which of the following statements are true regarding routing protocols that use the link-state algorithm? They are known collectively as SPF protocols They learn routes and send them to directly connected neighbors They maintain a complex database of the network topology They are based on the Dijkstra algorithm They are considered a good choice for small networks with low-end routers

Match the OSPF terms with the descriptions. Not all options are used. LSA exchange State of a link SPF algorithm Hello packet Topological database - calculates the best path to each destination network - creates and maintains neighbor adjacencies - description of an interface and its relationship to other routers - triggered when a topology change has occurred

What reasons would a network administrator have for using loopback interfaces when configuring OSPF (Choose two.) Loopbacks are logical interfaces and do not go down Only loopback addresses can be used for an OSPF router ID Loopback interfaces are used to set OSPF metric The loopback address will be used as the router ID, overriding the local IP address values OSPF error checking is enabled by loopback addresses The loopback address will override the configured router priority value

In which of the following types of networks will OSPF designated routers not be elected? (Choose Two.) Point-to-point Point-to-multipoint Broadcast multiaccess Nonbroadcast multi-access

A network administrator enters the router ospf 100 command. What is the function number 100 in this command? Autonomous system number Metric Process ID Administrative distance

On a router running OSPF, what is the purpose of entering the bandwidth 56 command on the serial interface? Changes the cost value Functions only as a description Changes the throughput of the interface to 56kbps Is necessary for the DUAL algorithm

What factor does Cisco's implementation of OSPF use to pick the best route? Uptime Reliability Bandwidth Load Shortest number of hops

Which command will allow a router to advertise default static routes via OSPF? Redistribute static Network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0 Default-information originate Default routes are local only and cannot be advertised using OSPF

During an OSPF DR/BDR election, what is used to determine the DR or BDE when participating OSPF routers have identical interface priorities? The highest OSPF process ID The lowest interface IP address The lowest interface cost The router ID

What packet type is invalid for OSPF? Hello LRU LSR LSack DBD