Ch. 15 Population and Environment

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.

the study of human population

the number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

the number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

- Stage 1: Preindustrial = high birth rates due to economic value of children - Stage 2: early industrial = high birth rates and lowered death rates - Stage 3: mature industrial = population surge drops as affluence transforms children into economic liability - Stage 4: postindustrial = economic force people to have less children

1. Voluntary: Ex. when people leave a small town to move to a larger city 2. Involuntary: Ex. the forced transport of 10 million Africans to the Western Hemisphere as slaves

the number of males for every 100 females in a nation's population

a graphic representation of the age and sex of a population

- He believed that rapid population increase would lead to social chaos

the richest countries of the world - including the U.S., Canada, and the nations of Europe - have growth rates below 1 percent. The nations of Latin America and Asia typically have growth rates around 1.5 percent, a rate that doubles a population in forty-seven years. Africa has an overall growth rate of 2.4 percent, which cuts the doubling time to twenty-nine years. In global perspective, we see that a society's standard of living is closely related to its rate of population growth: Population is rising fastest in the world regions that can least afford to support more people.

7.046 billion

the incidence of childbearing in a country's population

the incidence of death in a country's population

maximum possible childbearing

1750

the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment