AP World History Review

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

the study of population dynamics

a community of people living outside their homeland

the trade route that linked the Eurasian land mass

the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad

the branch of Islam that are supporters of Ali

the spritual and mystical branch of Islam

living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household

a woman who cohabits with an important man, a mistress

the cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople built by the order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, turned into a mosque by the Ottomans

the house of Islam

a social and political system in which lords are granted landed estates by a monarch in exchange for their loyalty (especially in military matters)

a type of social structure in which a lord has control over the labor on his estate, serfs are bound to the land

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

an economic system based on state ownership of capital

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

an economic system based on private ownership of capital

a doctrine that says the useful is the good, especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number

a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one, the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country

a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically

the most widely spoken Bantu language, the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa

the right of people living in a foreign country to follow the laws of their homeland (British in China)

the geographical area in which one nation is very influential (ex. the US, Britain, and other European countries in China)

a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs, protectorates are established by treaty

a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease, many people are infected at the same time

the spread of the Islamic faith across the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa

assimilation of Western culture, the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization

Russian nobility

the nomadic tribe of conquerers known as the Mongols

written by Lady Murasaki, this novel is evidence of a mannered style of Japanese society

waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira

the Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences

Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula

slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind, key to development of the Portuguese trading empire

Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails, strongly influenced by the European ship design

term that describes the resurgence of confusianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang dynasty

a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal

grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America, basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in the Spanish colonies

any labor system that involves force (slavery, serfdom, and indentured labor)

the ownership of a human being as property

an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

the mixing of races, (ex. Spanish and Portugueses colonies)

legally slaves of the Ottoman Empire but translated into their elite military force

head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories

beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife

despotic ruler, whose strict laws led to divisions and decentralization of government in the Mughal Empire, extended his empire over the whole Indian subcontinent

the greatest Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reconstructed the Ottoman legal system, very prominent in every aspect of the Ottoman's military, politics, and economy

proph, the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)

a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe, created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empire

Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries, originally a Turkic nomadic group

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)

N. African traveler/historian, wrote in detail about his journeys through Islamic Africa, traveled extensively (1300s)

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread Chinese ideology throughout Asia

a member of Manchuria who ruled China during the Qing dynasty

Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain, (ex. Pizzaro and Cortes)

a member of the tall Negroid people of southeast Africa living in northern Natal

powerful Mughal ruler of India, extended the empire, and attempted unification of religion, greatest Mughal ruler

Mughal emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mughal architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666)

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule

Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions