American History chapter 24

the 1919 peace treaty at the end of WWI which established new nations, borders, and war reparations; caused anger and resentment with the german people because they were blamed for the war and responsible for paying it all back. they also had to give up all colonies

a government that tries to exert complete control over its citizens. Individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition.

Hitler's book meaning "My Struggle" that told his basic beliefs of Nazism: 1) based on extreme nationalism--Hitler wanted to unite all German-speaking countries into the great German empire. 2) racial purification--Aryans should rule, inferior races should serve. 3) National expansion--more living space needed and "to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitled on this earth"

successor of Vladimir I. Lenin; wanted to create a model communist state by making agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals. He abolished all privately owned farms and replaced them with collectives; he was responsible for millions of deaths of people who opposed him.

blond-haired, blue-eyed "master race" that was supposed to rule the world as opposed to the "inferior races" such as jews, slavs, and all non-whites who were fit to serve Aryans.

third German empire, which would include extreme expansion and would last 1000 years

political belief that stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. Power must rest with single strong leader and a small group of devoted party members.

great speaker who established a fascist totalitarian state in Italy who used fears of economic collapse and communism to convince people to believe in him. Il Duce was his nickname

acts passed by congress in 1935 that outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war, and extended the ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in civil wars.

literally means "the leader" and was used to describe Mussolini during his rule in Italy.

rebellion led by Francisco Franco against spanish republic; Americans intervened; however germany and italy sent troops, weapons, materials, etc. over to help--> franco won--> fascist state w/him as fascist dictator.

followers of Mussolini that wore black uniforms as they marched to Rome with him.

set of American troops that went to Spain during the Spanish Civil war

German brand of Fascism, which was based on extreme nationalism and racism.

leader of rebellion against Spanish republic and eventual leader of fascist Spain after the Spanish Civil War

leader of the Nazi party, also called der fuhrer, who established the Third Reich (third german empire)

union with Austria after German troops marched in unopposed Mar. 12, 1938

newest German military strategy which means Lightning war; take the enemy by surprise and quickly crush all opposition with overwhelming force.

part of Czechoslovakia with about 3 million Germans that Hitler wanted to annex, along with Czechoslovakia itself

Phony War--France and Britain stared at Germany; Apr. 9, 1940: Hitler launched attack on Denmark and Norway then Belgium and Luxembourg--> all to strike Britain

Prime minister of Britain that appeased to Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia

political rival of Neville Chamberlain who disagreed with appeasement and Munich Agreement; knew Hitler would not stop annexing land.

giving up principles to pacify aggressors

French general who fled to england where he set up government-in-exile after the fall of France

turned Sudetenland over to Germany without single shot being fired b/c Hitler lied about this land being his "last territorial demand"

germany bombed britain to gain control of skies by destroying RAF; RAF fought back by destroying 185 german planes, leading to Hitler calling off invasion.

signed by Germany and Soviet Union agreeing that neither side would attack the other

german air force

Royal Air Force

the systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, most of whom were Jews

labor camps

rounded up Jews and shot them on the spot

major death camp in Hitler's "final solution"

"night of broken glass" where Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues across Germany.

deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population

girl who entered Auschwitz at age 14 who described it as the sun setting forever

person/people who are blamed for the problems of a group of people, ex: jews were the scapegoat for Germans' economic and political problems after WWI

Hitler's desire to rid Europe of Jews and other races that were lesser than Aryans

Germany, Japan, and Italy

agreement b/w roosevelt and churchill for collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, freedom of seas

16 million men, ages 21 to 35 were drafted

nations that fought Axis powers

Roosevelt's nickname for the United States during the beginning of WWII b/c they had to defeat Axis threat by sending supplies to countries fighting them

prime minister of Japan; wanted attack on Pearl Harbor

U.S. policy of lending/leasing weapons to Allied powers against Axis powers; violated original Neutrality acts (which were changed for this reason)

German submarines that attacked ships in the Atlantic Ocean

the day that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

large packs of German U-Boats that would attack American carriers or other ships in the Atlantic ocean

pearl harbor--> what led U.S. to declare war on Japan