General term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and Machines
to increase their control and understanding of the material environment. The
Term is derived from the Greek words tekhne, which refers to an art or craft,
and logia, Meaning an area of study; thus, technology means, literally, the
study, or science, of Crafting. As technology evolves, scientist and historians
say that technology grows at A geometric rate without respect to geographical
limits or political systems. These Innovations tend to transform traditional
cultural systems, frequently with unexpected Social consequences. Thus
technology can be conceived as both a creative and a Destructive process.
Technology Has been evolving with us since the beginning of the Prehistoric age,
from the simplest off tools of the cave men to the now present future.
Electronic fiber optic cables and the computerized artificial intelligence.
Technology is Very important in our society, with out it we would not be able to
survive in our ever Changing society. Imagine is someone didn't invent
transportation. We would have not Discovered the other continents. Or not having
the technology to cope with our ever Growing population. We would have run out
of enough supply of food to feed ourselves. How about if cave men didn't
discover fire? We would have not survive even just for a Day. All these things
we owe to technology, so we must harness what it has to offer And further
improve our society. Inventions That Have Changed Our Lives: Telephone: In the
field of communication one of the most famous and useful invention In our modern
society is the telephone. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, he has Made our
life so much easier and more productive. Saying that he has made an impact To
society would be an understatement. These telephones transmit electronic pulses
That would then be converted to sound that is comprehendible to us humans, but
These telephones are big and bulky and they need wires to transmit these pulses.
Then Came the invention called A cellular telephone that designed to give the
user maximum Freedom of movement while using a telephone. A cellular telephone
uses radio signals To communicate between the set and an antenna. The served
area is divided into cells something like a honeycomb, and an antenna is placed
within each cell and connected by telephone lines to one exchange devoted to
cellular telephone calls. This exchange connects cellular telephones to one
another or transfers the call to a regular exchange if the call is between a
cellular telephone and a noncellular telephone. The special cellular exchange,
through computer control, selects the antenna closest to the telephone when
service is requested. As the telephone roams, the exchange automatically
determines when to change the serving cell based on the power of the radio
signal received simultaneously at adjacent sites. This change occurs without
interrupting conversation. Practical power considerations limit the distance
between the telephone and the nearest cellular antenna, and since cellular
phones use radio signals, it is very easy for unauthorized people to access
communications carried out over cellular phones. Currently, digital cellular
phones are gaining in popularity because the radio signals are harder to
intercept and decode. Also the fast growing popular video phones that work like
a normal telephone but includes the ability to transmit videos through the use
of a small camera. although these video phones are not yet popular in our
present society. they will soon be in every home in the world. Pagers: not all
inventions that where once practical remain practical. one example are the
invention of pagers. although these pagers are still currently used in our
society they in my own opinion have out lived there use. these pagers where used
during the early 90s for the reason that they are more reliable, less expensive
and more portable than a cellphone. but now cellphones are cheaper and come in
sizes that are almost as small as a pager. so these pagers have out lived there
use and are now impractical to use in some countries. but in the Philippines we
have still retained it for they are "free" compared to a cellphone.
Satellite Band Radio (SBR) Satellite Band Radios are virtually unheard off in
our country. these radios are like normal radios but use satellites to transmit
there information instead of the normal analog radio waves used. the use of
these satellite radios give us better variety in the programs we listen to. and
will infact make the change of information faster and easier from country to
country. for a person will receive same information virtually at same time as
other radios abroad. Internet: internet is a term used for the interconnection
of computer networks that enables connected machines to communicate directly and
transmit data to any place in the world. in this part of the paper i will talk
about the communication possibilities of the internet. First is the E-mail the
E-mail is one of the first applications used in the internet. an E-mail is like
sending a regular mail to someone, but instead of waiting a long time for the
person to receive the mail, a person can get it in less than a second. and then
can reply to you just as fast. it works buy sending data to lots of
interconnected computers to a server that then sends it over to the person the
mail is address to in less than a second. another program is the ICQ. The ICQ
basically works just like a pager. but with so much more, you can exchange
files, chat, play games and so on. also there is the IRC or Internet chat. these
programs are just like the two programs but it is done in real time and the
amount of people you can talk to at a time is almost endless. Television: The
television is one invention that is certainly very much used today. A Television
has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common
use of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers in
their homes. Security personnel also use televisions to monitor buildings,
manufacturing plants, and numerous public facilities. Public utility employees
use television to monitor the condition of an underground sewer line, using a
camera attached to a robot arm or remote-control vehicle. Doctors can probe the
interior of a human body with a microscopic television camera without having to
conduct major surgery on the patient. Educators use television to reach students
throughout the world. there are basically two forms of television used today
they are the satellite and the cable television. the satellite t.v. transmits
channels through the use of satellites. while a cable t.v. uses cables to send
channels. although these are also sent through satellites to a cable operator
and then digested through cables to our t.v. soon television will be intertwined
with the net. you can surf and watch television at same time using a cable or a
satellite. the new televisions that are being sold to the market are now laced
with new features like PnP and automatic adjusting color t.v.s that change with
its surroundings. Computers: People use computers in a wide variety of ways. In
business, computers track inventories with bar codes and scanners, check the
credit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically. In homes, tiny
computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control the
indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn
videocassette recorders on and off. Computers in automobiles regulate the flow
of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers also entertain, creating
digitized sound on stereo systems or computer-animated features from a digitally
encoded laser disc. also the use of the internet with virtually infinite
possibilities through the use of interconnected computers. Computer programs, or
applications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach
simple addition or sentence construction to advanced calculus. Educators use
computers to track grades and prepare notes; with computer-controlled projection
units, they can add graphics, sound, and animation to their lectures. Computers
are used extensively in scientific research to solve mathematical problems,
display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to
build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of space
shuttles. The military employs computers in sophisticated communications to
encode and unscramble messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies.
Medical Drugs: The use of immunization to prevent disease predated the knowledge
of both infection and immunology. In China in approximately 600 BC, smallpox
material was inoculated through the nostrils. Inoculation of healthy people with
a tiny amount of material from smallpox sores was first attempted in England in
1718 and later in America. Those who survived the inoculation became immune to
smallpox. American statesman Thomas Jefferson traveled from his home in Virginia
to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to undergo this risky procedure. A significant
breakthrough came in 1796 when British physician Edward Jenner discovered that
he could immunize patients against smallpox by inoculating them with material
from cowpox sores. Cowpox is a far milder disease that, unlike smallpox, carries
little risk of death or disfigurement. Jenner inserted matter from cowpox sores
into cuts he made on the arm of a healthy eight- year-old boy. The boy caught
cowpox. However, when Jenner exposed the boy to smallpox eight weeks later, the
child did not contract the disease. The vaccination with cowpox had made him
immune to the smallpox virus. Today we know that the cowpox virus antigens are
so similar to those of the smallpox virus that they trigger the body's defenses
against both diseases. In 1885, Louis Pasteur created the first successful
vaccine against rabies for a young boy who had been bitten 14 times by a rabid
dog. Over the course of ten days, Pasteur injected progressively more virulent
rabies organisms into the boy, causing the boy to develop immunity in time to
avert death from this disease. Another major milestone in the use of vaccination
to prevent disease occurred with the efforts of two American
physician-researchers. In 1954 Jonas Salk introduced an injectable vaccine
containing an inactivated virus to counter the epidemic of poliomyelitis.
Subsequently, Albert Sabin made great strides in the fight against this
paralyzing disease by developing an oral vaccine containing a live weakened
virus. Since the introduction of the Sabin vaccine in 1961, polio has been
nearly eliminated in many parts of the world. As more vaccines are developed, a
new generation of combined vaccines are becoming available that will allow
physicians to administer a single shot for multiple diseases. Work is also under
way to develop additional orally administered vaccines and vaccines for sexually
transmitted diseases. Possible future vaccines may include, for example, one
that would temporarily prevent pregnancy. Such a vaccine would still operate by
stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack antigens, but in this case
the antigens would be those of the hormones that are necessary for pregnancy.
The German chemist Felix Hoffman synthesized the acetyl derivative of salicylic
acid also called aspirin in 1893 in response to the urging of his father, who
took salicylic acid for rheumatism. Aspirin is currently the first-choice drug
for fever, mild to moderate pain, and inflammation due to arthritis or injury.
Of the few anesthetic agents known to the ancients, opium and hemp were the most
important. Both were taken by ingestion or by burning the drug and inhaling the
smoke. Nitrous oxide, discovered by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy about
1800, was first used as an anesthetic in 1844 by the American dentist Horace
Wells. In 1842 the American surgeon Crawford Long successfully used ethyl ether
as a general anesthetic during surgery. He failed to publish his findings,
however, and credit for the discovery of the anesthetic properties of ether was
given to the American dentist William Morton, who in 1846 publicly demonstrated
its use during a tooth extraction. In 1847 the British physician Sir James
Simpson discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform. Many other general
anesthetics have since been discovered. without these medicines it would be hard
for us to cope with the deseases that come our way. Radioactive Therapy and
Diagnosis: (Radiology) Radiology had its origin in the discovery of X rays by
the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen was awarded the
first Nobel Prize in physics for his work. Medical images have subsequently been
produced by means of other forms of radiant energy. Thus, ultrahigh-frequency
sound waves may be so used and in the technique called magnetic resonance
imaging, the images are obtained by recording the difference in relaxation time
of tissue nuclei in an electromagnetic field. For this reason the term medical
imaging has been proposed as more accurate than the traditional term diagnostic
radiology. Therapeutic radiology, also referred to as radiation oncology, has as
its principal basis the use of ionizing radiation. Increasingly common, however,
is the use in conjunction with radiation therapy of other forms of treatment,
such as hyperthermia. all these radioactive procedures are same they just vary
in the intensity of radiation they use. chemoteraphy for example is letting the
patient be bombarded with radiation to treat cancerus cells that have invaded a
persons body. the CT scaner and the MRI scaner are both machines use to diagnose
people to find out whats wrong with there body. for some deseases can't be
detected by just looking at a persons physical aspect. these desises are
internal and must be diagnosed and trated with radiation for them to be seen.
Weapons and Defense: Handguns, or pistols, as they are also known, were not
popular until after the development of the wheel lock, the first practical
mechanical ignition device, in the first half of the 16th century. Most early
handguns were too cumbersome to be carried in a holster by anyone on foot, and
the short barrels limited their accuracy and the distance they could propel
bullets. As a result, handguns were primarily used by cavalry troops in what
amounted to hit-and-run tactics. As ignition systems were improved, it became
possible to reduce the overall size and weight of handguns, until during the
18th century they became equally popular for use by foot soldiers. From the last
half of the 17th century to the first quarter of the 19th century, most European
and United States military handguns had flintlock. and barrels 23 to 30 cm. in
length; smaller pocket handguns were also made for civilian use. No significant
improvements were made, however, until after 1836, when the American inventor
Samuel Colt patented a revolver design combining the metal percussion cap,
interchangeable mass-produced parts, and the revolving cylinder, which rotated
and locked automatically when the hammer was cocked. Improvements in ammunition
were introduced with the development of the self-primed metallic cartridge in
the mid-19th century. Minor improvements in revolver design continued until the
beginning of the 20th century, when emphasis in development was redirected to
the magazine-loaded semiautomatic handgun. Since then, the semiautomatic has
steadily gained in popularity and is now the primary military handgun of the
world. It is gradually replacing the revolver for police use. Modern
semiautomatic handguns carry two or three times more ammunition than revolvers
and are faster to reload. Their flat configuration generally makes them easier
to conceal. Even with the increased ammunition capacity, using newly developed
lightweight materials makes their loaded weight about the same as that of older
designs. Proponents of revolvers claim greater accuracy, reliability, and
safety, however, so it is unlikely that semiautomatics will totally replace
revolvers. In fact, muzzle-loading pistols and revolvers continue to be used for
sport and specialized worldwide competition. also bombs are used in todays world
to protect nations from invading ones. and thus came the invention In the early
1970s new types of conventional bombs, the so-called smart or guided bombs, were
developed for precision bombing in Vietnam. Maneuverable bombs guided by a laser
beam directed from the aircraft and reflected from the target can destroy such
targets as tanks or emplacements on contact. Other types can be designed to
guide themselves to targets radiating heat, such as power plants, or can be
guided to the target from the delivery aircraft. In the latter case the bomb
transmits a picture of the target picked up by an on-board television camera.
Remote operating devices can then guide the bomb into direct contact with a
bridge, for example, or other objective. Laser-guided bombs can be used at
night; television-camera guided weapons are limited to daylight use, however.
and The A-bomb was developed, constructed, and tested by the Manhattan Project,
a massive United States enterprise that was established in August 1942, during
World War II. Many prominent American scientists including the physicists Enrico
Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and the chemist Harold Urey, were associated
with the project, which was headed by a U.S. Army engineer, Major General Leslie
Groves. these forms of weaponry may be destructive in most cases but they do
play a vital role in protecting ones self in the society we live in. The
advantages and disadvantages of technology: Technology plays a vital role in our
society. without it we can't evolve and cope up with the ever changing world we
live in. some of its advantages are the increase in efficiency and productivity
of how we do and manage things. we can do things twice as fast and twice more
efficient than we did a century ago. and this makes up for the growing
population of the world, so that everyone may have enough to support themselves
and satisfy there needs. Technology gives us larger possibilities by giving us
ideas that we havent thought about in the past. we can do more things now
that technology has helped us evolve. it further enhances our perspective in the
things we do. and makes simpler solutions in the problems we face everyday. it
also gives us easier accessibility and mobility. it makes production move
faster. communication more efficient and cost worthy. we can now get information
almost anywhere and with these information we get, we use them in our daily
lives. but not everything that technology has to offer is good. for every
advantages technology gives us it also comes with a subsequent disadvantages.
some of them are the complexities of society. not everyone can cope with the
advancements of technology. these people can get left behind. everything becomes
more complicated and what is expected of us also grows. life was more simple in
the old days. but due to technology everything has become more complex. another
is the increase of indolence in our society. since everything has become more
accessible and more convenient people tend to log off and become lazy. this is a
very big problem to us. it decreases our morality and soon we will be so
engulfed in it we cant get out from its grip. with better solutions and easier
work load comes the over dependence of people to technology. the tend not to
think for them selves anymore and let technology take over there lives. this is
bad for its makes us the slaves of technology instead of us controlling them
they are the ones that control us. technology is important in every society. but
if we insist on using and depending on it a lot it can also destroy us. so we
must think for ourselves if it is worth it and use it as we see fit.
Technology
