19th amendment
passed by congress on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920; granted women the right to vote
Agriculture Adjustment Administration
AAA 1933
Axis powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Bellamy Salute
congress changed to hand over heart on December 22, 1942
Benito Mussolini
a newspaper editor and politician who promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces
Coalition Government
temporary alliance of several political parties
Dorothea Lange
a photographer and "migrant mother"
Freidrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who dismissed reason, democracy and progress as empty ideas
unlike Britain and France, Germany did not increase taxes during war; Germans printed more money; bread prices went from under 1 mart in 1918 to 200 billion in 1923
How did inflation cause crisis in Germany?
200 million from American banks
How much money did it take to stabilize the economy?
they cut their production in half; 9 million people lost money in banks
In 1932, what happened to factories?
Kellogg-briand pact
treaty of no war, had no means to enforce provisions, no armed forces
Nuremberg laws 1935
laws stripped German Jews of citizenship and forbade Jews and German non Jews to marry or have kids/relations
Third Reich
German empire
Weimar republic
government of Germany after the war in 1919
urged people to return to values of pride, assertiveness and strength
What did Freidrich Nietzsche urge people to do?
human behavior is not based on reason
What did Sigmund Freud claim?
stock prices decline rapidly and market collapses as prices bottom out
What happened on October 29, 1929?
Axis powers
which term is used to define the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan?
Hitler; he plotted to seize national power
Who became the Nazi party leader?
China
Who did Japan launch war on in 1937?
Austria
Who does Hitler annex in 1938?
Charles Lindbergh
Who was the first person to successfully complete solo Atlantic flight?
to slow stock speculation and gold leaving country; led to recession and economic decline
Why did the fed raise interest rates in the spring of 1928?
Albert Einstein
scientist who developed the theory of relativity
Fascism
militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader
Gestapo
secret police
Great Depression
Severe economic downturn that followed the collapse of the U.S. stock market in 1929
Inflation
When money loses its value, so you need more money to pay for the same thing
Kristallnacht
night of broken glass; November 8, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the street
Nazism
German brand of Fascism
Sigmund Freud
physician who exposed the workings of the unconscious mind
Nazi Party
an anti communist and anti democratic party
Theory of relativity
idea that as moving objects approach the speed of light, time and space become relative
Mein Kampf
outlined Hitler's plans for attacking power; blames Jews for all problems; claims Germans or Aryans as the "master race" and eliminated democracy
the Sudetenland; they refuse and ask France for help
What does Hitler demand from Czechoslovakia?
1935 neutrality acts
American vessels need a license to carry arms and restrict Americans from sailing on ships from hostile nations; embargo on sale or arms to "belligerent" nations and increase patrol of water around America for subs
Adolf Hitler
political leader who became the Fascist leader of Germany
democratic
After WWI, most euro nations had what type of government?
Amelia Earhart
first woman to make a long solo flight
appeasement
giving in to keep the peace
artists rebel against tradition
artists ant to depict inner world of mind; es: cubism (geometric forms)
Civilian Conservation Corps
CCC 1933
existentialism
philosophy that says each person must take meaning in a world that has no universal meaning
Francisco Franco
Spain's Fascist dictator
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
32nd president who was president of the U.S. during the depression
no more war, similar to the kellogg-briand pact
Germany and France signed a treaty that stated what?
in 1923, they recovered with loans
How did Germany recover from inflation?
both having dictators who only allowed their own party, no individual rights
How was Fascism similar to communism?
with public works programs, highway buildings, and massive increase in arms production
How was German unemployment ended?
Hyperinflation
inflation that is very high and out of control; prices increase so fast and by enormous amounts
Isolationism
belief that political ties with other countries should be avoided
Stream of Conscience
James Joyce used this literary technique to present characters thoughts and feelings
Lebensraum
"living space"
Munich conference
meeting of world powers in 1938 that allowed Hitler to take part of Czechoslovakia
New Deal
FDR's program for creating jobs and improving the American economy
Surrealism
art movement in which dreamlike world, outside of reality is portrayed or evoked
Coalition Governments
What did British voters elect to avoid political extremes?
nations must struggle, peaceful states were doomed to be conquered
What did Fascists believe?
Instability
What did frequent change in government create?
wanted to solve economic problems through foreign expansion
What did military leaders want to solve in Japan?
representative government making some countries form coalition governments
What did people have little experience with?
raised rates again to prevent loss of gold, slowed business
What did the feds do that really hurt businesses?
by March of 1933 half of all U.S. banks had failed
What happened as a result of the Fed not loaning money to banks
large public works projects helped provide jobs, regulations were placed on stock market and public confidence in our government began to rise
What happened because of FDR's new deal?
public works programs
What helps the Scandinavian countries recover?
isn't part of the federal government; it performs functions related to managing U.S. economy (accepts deposits, determines interest rates for loans; fast and cheap)
What is the federal reserve?
jazz
what is the musical style with a sense of the new freedom of post war years?
surrealism
What is the name of the art movement that incorporates unconscious mind?
50%
what percentage of people were unemployed or underemployed during the Great Depression?
25%
What percent was unemployed in 1935?
"Lady Lindy"
What was Amelia Earhart known as?
political ties
What was the goal of the U.S. isolationists after WWI?
had serious weaknesses and public blamed it for war loss and mistreatment in Treaty of Versailles
What was the Weimar republic government like?
Manchuria
Where did Japan have investments?
met at Munich Conference
Where did the leaders meet to settle Czech crisis?
they all successfully invaded another country
Which was true of Germany, Italy, and Japan in the early 1930's?
American banker Charles Dawes
Who headed the committee to recover from inflation?
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Who is the lost generation writer who wrote the Great Gatsby?
Francisco Franco 1936
Who rebelled during the Spanish civil war and later becomes Spain's fascist dictator
Bennito Mussolini
Who was il duce?
Works Progress Administration
WPA 1935
democratic and totalitarian
world splits into two camps
