World History 2 SOL

A movement in Europe between the 1300s-1600s marked by a rebirth in classical, Greek, and Roman art, literature, and learning. - A change/rebirth period.

Southern Europe/Northern Italy

The study of classical texts.Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Painted the Mona Lisa; also a scientist and inventor.

Italian painter and sculptor; sculpted David.

Humanist who wrote In Praise of Folly.

English writer of plays and sonnets.

*Important trade goods were paper, silk, porcelain, and tea. *Created foreign enclaves to control trade. *Invented gunpowder and the magnetic compass. *Important trade route was the Silk Road

*Ruled by a shogun; the emperor was powerless. *Began policy of isolationism in the 1600s.

*The location of the Taj Mahal. *Important trade goods were textiles. *Important trade route was the Silk Road

*Capital was Istanbul (Constantinople) *Important trade goods were coffee, and ceramics. *Trans-Saharan trade was important. *Important trade route was the Silk Road *Included the Balkan Peninsula *Main religion was Islam, but they tolerated other religions.

*Important trade goods were gold, salt, and slaves. *Trans-Saharan trade was important.

Actions: -Wrote the Ninety-five Theses Ideas/Effects: -Salvation by faith alone -Bible is the ultimate authority -Began the Protestant Reformation

Actions: -Founded Calvinism Ideas/Effects: -Predestination -The work ethic

Actions: -Disputed with the pope because he wanted to divorce his wife. Ideas/Effects: -Broke England away from the Catholic Church

Actions: -Founded the Jesuits Ideas/Effects: -Strengthened and spread Catholic teachings -Part of the Counter Reformation

Actions: -Invented the printing press Ideas/Effects: -Spread the ideas of the Reformation -Increased literacy

Actions: -Founded the Anglican Church Ideas/Effects: -Tolerance for dissenters in Englans -Expansion and colonialism -Defeat of the Spanish Armada

-The sale of indulgences -German princes wanted power -Merchants challenged the church views on usury -Church corruption was wide spread -Church's great political power and wealth caused conflicts -Europe's nobility disliked Italian domination of the church

-The Thirty Years' War -The Edict of Nantes -Many Christian denominations -Growth of individualism -Growth of secularism -Eventual growth of religious tolerance

Dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire in the 1500s; supported the Catholic Church

French leader who changed the focus of the Thirty Years' War from religious to political

Pardons purchased from the church that offered forgiveness of sins, and a release from time in purgatory

Belief that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved

Catholic group founded in 1540 that focused on education, missionary work, and preventing the spread of Protestantism

Calvinists in France

Reforms and actions taken by the Catholic Church in the 1500s

Granted freedom of worship to Huguenots in France

*Seeking new trade routes in Asia *Efforts of Henry the Navigator *Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources *Desire to spread Christianity *European and Islamic innovations in navigational arts *Political and economical competition between European Empires

*The Columbian Exchange *Spanish inflation *Commercial revolution *Disease killed any Native Americans *Gold and silver exported to Europe *Spread of European language and culture *Atlantic Slave Trade *Demise of Native American Empires *Migration of colonists to new lands

Prince Henry

Vasco de Gama

Christopher Columbus

Hernan Cortes

Fransisco Pizzaro

Ferdinand Magellan

Francis Drake

Jacques Cartier

#1: Manufactured goods from Europe to Africa #2: Slaves from Africa to America #3: Agricultural goods from America to Europe

Colonies are supposed to support the 'Mother Country'

Competition between European Nations for colonies and resources

Race and place of birth

Viceroys were appointed by the king/government mirrored the mother country

Catholic

*Agriculture *Exporting precious metals (mining)

It caused inflation

Scientists began placing emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature. They did this by using the scientific method which led to a significant expansion of scientific knowledge.

Nicholas Copernicus

Johannes Kepler

Galileo

Isaac Newton

William Harvey

King or Queen has all political power

Belief that the monarchs power comes from God

Louis XIV

Peter I

In the 1640s, members of Parliament rose up against the king, which began the Civil War. King Charles I was beheaded in 1649, and Oliver Cromwell took control of England. In 1660, Parliament invited Charles II to take the throne.

In 1688, Parliament forces James II from the throne. They invited William and Mary to take the throne. The new monarchs agreed to follow the laws made by Parliament. This meant that England was now a constitutional monarchy. They also signed the English Bill of Rights.

The Enlightenment was influenced by the Scientific Revolution. The philosophers of the Enlightenment applied reason to the human world as well as the natural world. Their ideas had a major impact on the world. They stimulated religious tolerance, and fuel democratic revolutions in many parts of the world.

*French Revolution *American Revolution *Latin American Revolution

Novelist who wrote Don Quixote

Romantic painter whose world included Liberty Leading the People

Classical composer

Baroque composer

John Locke

Baron de Montesquieu

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Voltaire

Adam Smith

Thomas Hobbes

*The old Regime *Economic inequality *The Enlightenment *American Revolution *Unfair taxes and inequality *Bankruptcy

The Storming of the Bastille, 1789

Thousands were sent to the guillotine

Louis XVI got sent to the guillotine

Seized power on France and later declared himself as the emperor. Through military conquest her temporarily brought most of Europe under his rule. He suffered a major defeat in Russia due to the harsh winter weather, and his enemy use of a scorched-earth policy. His final defeat was at Waterloo. His reign had a lasting impact on the continent. The Napoleonic code was a written set of laws that have influenced many countries. His conquests led to increased feelings of nationalism, which is pride in one's land and people. Following his defeat in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna. There they restored the old monarchies and boundaries. They attempted to establish a balance of power in Europe. Most of the leaders sought to maintain the traditional system. This idea was called conservatism. Their opponents sought change. They wanted to give more power to the elected Parliaments. Thus was called liberalism. The terms of the Congress of Vienna led to unsuccessful attempts to unify Italy and Germany. In contrast to continental Europe, Britain expanded political rights through legislative means. They also abolished slavery.

-Havanna, Cuba -Lima, Peru -Mexico City, Mexico -Buenos Aires, Argentina -Sao Paulo, Brazil

*Early 1800s-1830ish -The Enlightenment -The American Revolution -The French Revolution -Rigid social class system

Dom Pedro PEACEFULLY led Brazil to independence from Portugal

1823 US policy in which the US would not tolerate future attempts by the Europeans to gain territory in the western hemisphere

The US became the dominant power in the western hemisphere

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Simon Bolivar

Father Miguel Hidalgo

Nationalism

A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. (Do what you have to do to achieve your goals)

Count Cavour

Guiseppe Garibaldi "Red Shirts"

The Papal States

Otto Van Bistmark

The Franco-Prussion war (France vs. Russia)

Textiles and mining

Britain

Discovered bacteria

Invented the cotton gin

Invented the Spinning Jenny

Wrote The Communist Manifesto

Improved the steam engine

Developed the smallpox vaccination

Developed a process for making steel

*Mass production *Division of labor *More machines/better technology

Higher wages and better working conditions. Used collective bargaining and strikes.

It caused and increase in slave labor in the Americas

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course without interference

The right to vote

Capitalism is and unjust system due to the unequal distribution of wealth in society. Therefore wealth should be shared equally and private property should be abolished.

*Urbanization *Pollution *Harsh working conditions *Child labor *Dissatisfaction of the working class *Increased population *Growth of the middle class *Demands for women's suffrage *Improved transportation *Goods became less expensive

A policy o extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

*Colonies *Protectorates *Spheres of Influence

Spheres of Influence

Established in 1600s to trade directly with India; gradually expanded its power in India

*Eurpeans needed raw materials for industries *Desire to spread Christianity *European nationalism *European military advantages *Need for markets for industrialized goods

*Tensions contribution got WWI *Boxer Rebellion *Indian National Congress *Japan forced to end policy of nationalism

Suez Canal located in Egypt

Kaiser Wilhelm II

*Unrestricted submarine warfare *Sinking of the Lusitania *Zimmerman telegram

Woodrow Wilson

Russian Revolution/Its army was losing and the people at home did not support the war.

*Assassination of Franz Ferdinand *Alliances divided Europe *Nationalism *Militarism *Imperialism

*Germany forced to pay reparations *Limits put on Germanys military *Break up of the Ottoman Empire *Break up of Austria-Hungary *The League of Nations *The Mandate System *The Fourteen Points (Woodrow Wilson)

The making of amends for a wrong one has done by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. (Payment for damages after the war)

-US was not a member -No military to enforce its decisions

Territories that were temporary occupation of a country in order to support a new country