US History Chapter 12 – Reconstruction

became president as he was vice president at the time of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination

covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress

laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt

wing of the Republican Party organized around an uncompromising opposition to slavery before and during the Civil War and a vigorous campaign to secure rights for freed slaves during Reconstruction

American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War

political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections

person who behaves badly but in an amusingly mischievous rather than harmful way; a rascal

American politician. He was the 18th Governor of New York from 1853 to 1854 and from 1863 to 1864

19th President of the United States. As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform

25th Governor of New York and the Democratic candidate for the U.S. Presidency in the disputed election of 1876, winning a popular vote majority, but ultimately being denied victory by the electoral college

United States federal law (in force from 1867 to 1887) that was intended to restrict the power of the President of the United States to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate. The law was enacted on March 3, 1867, over the veto of President Andrew Johnson

was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land

was a bill proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland

was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors

abolished slavery in the United States

addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War

prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era

secret organization of White Protestant Americans, mainly in the South, who use violence against Black people, Jewish people, and other minority groups

declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition

formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment

first presidential election to take place after the American Civil War, during the period referred to as Reconstruction

three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws

southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century

incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, leader of the Radical Republicans, was easily elected to a second term in office with Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts as his running mate, despite a split within the Republican Party

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources.

member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s

minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, a Republican politician, and college administrator. Born free in North Carolina, he later lived and worked in Ohio, where he voted before the Civil War