Unit 2 US History Study Guide

French and Native Americans vs. British and Colonists Causes: Rivalry between French/British; English/colonists want to move inland (French land)

Kept the colonists from moving West past the Appalachian mountains; hated by the colonists

Result of French and Indian War; tax on all printed paper

tax on sugar, molasses, and lumber

a new way to tax the colonies to pay the governors, judges, and army

group of unskilled workers who boycotted British goods and protested the British acts

British soldiers were taking low class workers' jobs and they threw snowballs and rocks at them. Someone yelled fire and the British killed 5 colonists and injured 1. Major Propaganda

dressed as Indians and dumped 3 million $ of tea into the harbor Samuel Adams was in charge

result of the Boston tea party (closed Boston harbor/no committees allowed)

1. each colony could have a militia- untrained, reserve army 2. stockpiling of guns and ammo Result: King George III sent Gage to take back ammo- Battles of Lexington and Concord

response to the battles of Lexington and Concord Formation of an army (official, not militia) olive Branch petition- peace treaty to king George

fight for control of Boston British victory- heavy casualties, colonists success at head to head battle

Rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence. John Locke came up with the rights and they were life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Some middle colonies and Southern colonies besides Virginia Farmers Government officials should be through the crown supported the British

New England (Mass., Conn., RI NH) Virginia Urban population- merchants wanted independence from Britain

colonists won Result: Alliance with France, British stopped fighting battles in the West

The colonists' second winter, it was very cold and they didn't have resources or supplies. Many soldiers deserted. There was a lot of death, hypothermia, and illness. Washington stayed with his troops and gave them morale

British General- Cornwallis American General- G.W. French defeated British navy and blockaded Chesapeake Bay British soldiers were in Yorktown on the Peninsula Colonial army blocks the British from leaving the peninsula by land Cornwallis surrendered

strengths: - est. national policies - borrow and coin money - create an army - declare war weaknesses: - no trade control - couldn't tax - no executive power - majority of states needed to do anything - no court system - no enforcement of laws

There was inflation so the colonists could not pay taxes. Western Massachusetts revolted, took over courthouse showed that there needs to be a strong national power

large states vs. small states southern vs. northern states rights vs. national rights

3 branches of government legislative- bicameral based on population of states

unicameral house equal representation favored small states

Make sure no one branch has too much power

Protected colonists' rights 1-9: individual rights 10: states rights vs. federal rights

to make and impose laws tax

the great compromise 3 branches of government bicameral house based on equal representation and then a house based on population