Unit 1 AP World History – Chart Civilizations

had divine Kings and Priests with massive burial tombs; lots of wealth

earliest cuneiform/writing was accounting, suggests that trade was very common; Sumerian traders traveled by land, river, and sea in wheeled carts and sailboats: traded wood, stone, metal, and food

"Divine" Kings and priests were powerful and worshiped; polytheistic group: worships many gods; patron gods

Hammurabi's Code: book of laws, had different laws for people of different classes; gender roles: patriarchal

world's first writing system: cuneiform: pictograms: little pictures evolve into phonetics/sounds; accurate calendar based on lunar months where they could predict the onset of seasons and prepare for planting and harvesting; wheeled carts and sailboats

ziggurats: towers used to get closer to the gods; Epic of Gilgamesh - heroic leader of Uruk visits the underworld; terra cotta, clay, bas relief

"Fertile Crescent" which is between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

more rigid hierarchies: social classes, non-equal wealth

agriculture; pastoralism; hunting and gathering

more established beliefs, institutionalized

100's to 1,000's in population; Labor Division hierarchies; gender roles; patriarchal

more advanced tools --> new stone age

more sophisticated engraving, pictorals, sculpting, carvings, etc.

farms; livestock

efficient leadership

farmed (probably traded cotton)

lack of burial tombs

40,000+ population

created their own writing system(currently indecipherable); brick with squares in middle made wall building, repair, and movement easy; sewage pipes, waste chutes, water wells, grid oriented streets

created pottery

located on and benefited from the Indus River

"god-like" pharaohs and officials; being a scribe was very prestigious; more respect for women

over 700 pharaohs; important views of afterlife; mummification; polytheistic; anthropomorphic

had a diverse population of different races and skin tones

Obelisk with hieroglyphic writing; Book of the Dead (Ten Commandments); papyrus paper

capital at Memphis; pyramids, famous monuments

growth prosperity; capital moved to Thebes

famous Pharaohs (Ramses II, Tut); foreign invasions

Xia: Earliest dynasty; legendary because of Yu the Great who tamed yellow river Shang: took over after Xia and used family members because of trust issues Zhou: long lasting; cultural; people put to death and beheaded for unknown reasons

"Mandate of Heaven" which says gods control who rules the land

very patriarchal: men are doing work while women are tied to their homes

terracing and hydraulics: created pumps, bamboo piping to water rice fields; oracle bones which predict anything