U.S. History Final Exam Review

Religion (The Second Great Awakening), Women's Rights (Seneca Falls), Temperance, Education (Noah Webster, Horace Mann), Treatment of the insane, mentally ill, Prisons (Dorthea Dix)

1820- All states above the line 36-30 north where free. All states underneath where slave states.

Let the people residing in the territories decide on the question of slavery themselves

Harriet Beecher Stowe, showed the humanity and suffering of slaves that capture sympathies from millions of northerners.

created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory.

as a series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements

California is a free state, Utah and New Mexico have popular sovereignty, slave trade abolished (Feature Article Fin 486 Final Exam)

Protection to slavery, Slave owners could go to court and present evidence that slave who owed service had escaped

Missouri Slave sued for freedom, Claimed that his former owner, an army surgeon, had taken him to Illinois for several years (free state)

deeper moral hatred of slavery, active abolitionist -- someone who fights to abolish slavery by helping runaway slaves escape

Brown and a few of his supporters rented a old farmhouse near Harper's Ferry. Studied For 5 month's maps and finalized plans

Debates between Lincoln and Douglas in the Illinois Election of 1858. Spoke about the topic of slavery. Lincoln said that the nation would be for it or against it. There would be no splitting of slavery. Douglas Said that the Americans have the right to take part in whatever they feel. Sparked huge controversy.

Democrat, white Americans where superior, tolerated slavery and believed it was the right of white citizens to choose the type of government they wanted.

part of the Republican Party, Lost to Douglas for senate Seat but gained national recognition

Democratic split, South wanted to expand slavery and north wanted to end slavery

John C. Crittenden- Kentucky Amendment to protect slavery while absolutely limiting its spread (permanent reestablishment of the Missouri Compromise line

weak temporary nation, articles of confederation, un organized

Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky. Also West Virginia which broke away from Virginia (DKMM)

On April 12, the confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter and everything surrounding the harbor.There where no casualties in this battle besides one horse

President of the Confederacy, Printed money to cover the war's expenses. Could not find a strategy to stop the Union army. Ineffective leader.

Winfield Scott, Surround the entire confederacy and trap them in... cut off all ports

Commanded the Confederate army. When Virginia seceded from the Union, he chose to support his home state in the Civil War. Took part in numerous battles: Antietam, Gettysburg, and battles in Virginia. Ended up surrendering to the Union army at the Appomattox Court house in 1860

Union Army Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan confronted Robert E. Lee and his confederate army in Sharpsburg, Maryland, Draw in military point of view but really, this was a union victory because the Confederacy was pushed out of Maryland.

Issued by President Abraham Lincoln. Made slavery illegal and freed over 3.1 million slaves. Allowed slaves to join the army

Speech made by Abraham Lincoln 5 months after the Battle of Gettysburg. He made the speech to honor the fallen Union soldiers that fought in the Battle of Gettysburg.

Advantages were that North had a huge population with many workers / fighters, industry and lots of weaponry /products/ammo and South knew the land,war was fought on home territory, lots of food to help feed soldiers, motivation. Disadvantages were North was not home territory, traveling to fight, army became stretch and South didn't have a large population, not a lot of weaponry/ammo

There were two groups on Lee and his army and Lee still pushed his whole army forward. McClellan's failure of organization allowed the Confederate army to push forward slowly by slowly.

people in north supported confederacy dangerous to union a lot of them went to make money, wanted to end the war at any cost "poisonous"

the draft of citizens into the military

violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War.

assassinated Abraham Lincoln

If 10% of the 1860 population took oath, the state could set up a government. Wanted an amendment to abolish slavery.

a bill proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath

Took over as president after Lincoln was killed. Shared same ideas, wanted different methods of reconstruction. Congress did not like him and they ultimately impeached him.

Creation of five military districts in the seceded states, Voters were to be registered, State constitutional conventions, comprising elected delegates, were to draft new governing documents providing for black male suffrage, States were required to ratify the 14th Amendment prior to readmission.

an accusation against a leader saying they aren't doing their job right and need to be kicked out

members of the senate could not be removed unless there was consent of the senate

opposed slavery during the war, wanted harsh punishments for the south because they were traitors. Agreed with the way Congress wanted reconstruction.

an organization that was designed to educate blacks

blacks were able to tend the land of plantation owners in return for profit but were ultimately cheated by the white farmers

escaped slaves or "convicts" were forced to do work on plantations

Northerners that went down South for money

Southerners that supported the north

Continued legal discrimination against blacks. They could not work unless they were coerced. Restricted civil rights and freedoms

Mandates segregation in all public areas in the south

Secret Veterans' club that began in Tennessee, spread throughout the south and became a terrorist organization.

"Abolishes slavery", Pseudo slavery, Sharecropping: blacks were cheated and were in debt and had to serve

granted citizenship to blacks, and protected their civil liberties due process to law, confederates needed senate approval, couldn't serve on the jury

Gave blacks the right to vote cant keep someone from voting race, religion, previous servitude

ended reconstruction

Civil war general and veteran. He was appointed President in 1868 because people liked that he was a good leader and he was in the civil war.

voters who favored greenbacks and easy money (dollar bills).

railroad that stretched across the entire United States

act that allowed settlers to purchase cheap land out west, > 80 acres = $2.50 per acre, <80 acres=$1.25 per acre

the United States put said companies in charge of building the transcontinental railroad; they had full usage of land/minerals on either side of the track; this angered people who lived near it

Private Company extorted millions of dollars from the federal government from the faulty stock loans and by swindling money by the contracting company giving over estimations to build the railroad.

territory in Oklahoma for indians

Indians were organized into territories called reservations, they were separated from their families and tribes against their free will

act that dissolved communities owned by tribal lands and granted land allotments to individual families according to size

learning and accepting another culture; the Indians were forced to accept the culture of the whites

the Indians were living where the Americans wanted to settle... especially in the path of the transcontinental railroad...,We couldn't really trade with them because they stayed away from us, Didn't move when we asked so we had to move them

the Indians tried to rebel against the white's forced assimilation and relocation

the Indians were gunned down and massacred here when they were performing their ghost dance; a special sacred dance that they hoped would scare away the whites but the whites got scared and killed them.

Vaqueros (Aztec prisoners) were the FIRST cowboys, found herding cattle in New. Mexico, later became known as "cowboys"

Invented by Joseph Glidden; changed open plains to fenced farms; made cattle herding very difficult because barbed wire become a huge obstacle

the part of the 1900's where there as an immense amount of inventions being created, Bessemer process, telephone, lightbulb, electricity, monopolies

invented by Thomas Edison in 1879 because it revolutionized the way homes and factories work and it made the workdays longer.

invented by Alexander Graham Bell, revolutionized communication

completely revolutionized the entire nation, this allowed the workdays to go longer (lighting), faster production/manufacturing, more inventions (radio, telegraph, etc.)

the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron

when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity

When a company owns everything up in the making and distributing of their product; type of monopoly.

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production.

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production.

Owned the Oil Company, his company undercut competition and got them out of the market by trusts, and used Horizontal integration.

Survival of the fittest; many companies who were monopolies believed in this because if another's company was bad, and yours wasn't then it shows that you would succeed they wouldn't.

Cruel ruthless businessmen who would not stop at nothing to achieve great wealth.

Ingenious and industrious leaders; praised for their skills and charity work.

Increased the coinage of silver (not enough to satisfy farmers and miners)

Organized group of workers who discussed and tried to bring changes to salary, working conditions, benefits, etc.

an organization of individuals and not workers, open to everyone, supported an 8-hour workday, against child labor, wanted equal pay for their work

Largest Union grouping in the United States during the 20th century. Opposed industrial unionism.

Began as a peaceful strike until somebody threw dynamite and it exploded which caused police to fire and resulted in 7 police deaths and 4 civilian deaths.

George Pullman was a huge businessman who had a car company named Pullman Palace. He had his employees live in houses near the factories. Pullman decided to make the rent higher but keep the wages of his employees the same making it more difficult for his employees to pay rent. His employees began a strike by not running his cars and trains.

known as cheap labor along with immigrants. Type of labor which saw children work long hours in dangerous jobs with low pay and no benefits.

Political corruption

Republican President from 1877-1880, Wanted to Reform the Civil Service System, merit system

Senator Roscoe Conkling and his supports, he became a powerful Republican leader by determining who would receive lucrative jobs in the NY customs house

signed the Pendleton act into law

Became president when Garfield died

Jefferson style limited government, Supported lowered tariffs

a serious economic depression in the United States that began in 1893. This panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures.

Political movement in the late 1800s from granger movement, farmer based movement, in order to bring about political change

When the government would give people either gold or silver, in exchange for other forms of money such as paper; The dollar is defined as one ounce of gold and sixteen ounces of silver.

Secretary of the state. Played a key role in the Venezuela Boundary dispute.

USA was very dependent on Cuba because Cuba produced 90% of the sugar the United States uses

extreme nationalism for a country

a type of journalism that presents little or no legit well-researched information. Instead, it uses eye-catching headlines to get more people to buy the newspapers.

caused by American jingoism, yellow journalism, the De Lome Letter, and the sinking of the Maine.

letter that undermined an 1898 diplomatic incident

U.S Navy ship that was sunk right before the U.S went to war with Spain, One of the leading factors why the U.S went to war against Spain.

Territory that the United States paid 20 million for after the Spanish-American war.

commander of the Pacific fleet during the Spanish-American war.

1st ever volunteer cavalry in the U.S military. Called upon by McKinley during the Spanish-American War.

Common wealth gained by the United States following the Spanish-American war.

Territory gained by the United States following the Spanish-American war.

amendment that said that the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba's foreign affairs

man who wanted all nations equal access to trade & investment in china

French business had the right to build the canal. $280 million dollars lost along with $20,000 lost

military force to restore internal stability to nations in the region.

Dollars would be a more effective means of achieving national goals than bullets.

All nations could trade & invest in China.