Summary of Pieces

- waiting (image from Shakespeare- describes intense isolation, solitude, desolation, waiting for a man to come who is never going to come- Tennyson is writing about people from much earlier periods (Shakespeare)- Recalls to the painters of his era, much earlier in English history- "She said 'I am weary, weary, I would that I were dead!'"

- woman has a curse on her- doesn't know why, but she can't look at the world, can only look into a mirror that reflects the world- looking into the mirror one day, sees people riding, sees Sir Lancelot- the curse was, if she looks outside, she will have to die, she rides the barge and dies

same style as The Idylls of the King

She only said, "My life is dreary,He cometh not," she said;She said, "I am aweary, aweary,I would that I were dead!"

Part oneTalks about Camelot and its relation to shallot. There is a river that runs through on an island and willow treesIt is a castle

Part TwoThe lady of Shalot spends all her time locked in a tower weaving.

There is a village below but she knows nothing of it because shes always weaving. No lovers

Part ThreeSir Lancelot lives in Camelot, his image flashes in the mirror she uses to weave so she can see how far shes come. She leaves it to look at him and the mirror breaks. She is cursed

Part four_____ sends herself on a boat, she dies. All the men are fearful of her corpse, Sir Lancelot is not, he muses it.

about the sea, fisherman, sailor, ships

brooding, Crying idlyAbout deathDead peoplerepetition of "days that are no more"

The King is in a tent speaking with GodAsking if there is like some lesser God that made this landThinks he is about to dieGaiwain was killed in Lancelot's warSir Bedivere overhears, makes a noise, The king hears himKing Arthur speaks about invading Rome"Ill doom is mine/ To War against my people and my knights."

King Arthur left and rode to Lyonnesse (legendary land) "where fragments of forgotten peoples dwelled"Says Arthur still hasn't fought a fightBut then he fights, confused."And friend slew friend not knowing whom he slew"Arthur calls himself king amoung the dead after the awful battleArthur slew Modred, then "all but slain himself, he fell"King Arthurs men all died around him, for himBecause arthurs wound was so deep, Bedivere put him on a cross

Arthur spoke to BedivereSwore to rule againTold Bedivere to throw Excalibur into the middle of the lake, watch what happens and come back and tell ArthurBedivere thought it was better to keep Excalibur than throw it in the lake so he hid itKing Arhtur knew he was lying, sent him back to actually do itBedivere really struggles to force himself to throw it in the lake since it is so beautiful but knows he should obeyHe doesn't. He hides the sword again.

Lies to arhtur againArthurs mad, threatens to slay Bedivere if he doesn't throw the sword in the lakeHe does, someone catches the sword, becomes "clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful" and the sword brandishes this man 3 times and drew him under in the mere (lake/pond)Bedivere goes back and tells Arthur

King Arthur started breathing hard, said he was going to die, Bedivere bore him through the place of tombsThree queens rose from the lake ith crowns of goldArthur wanted to be placed in the barge the queens took him and weptThe talles, fairest laid his head on her lapSir Bedivere asks where he shall go since everyone will be goneKing Arthur just tells him to make pureThe king dies in a boat that is pushed away from Bedivere"From the great deep to the great deep he goes""Somewhere far off, pass on and on, and go/ From less to less and vanish into the light./ And the new sun rose bringing the new year."

written in Blank VerseComparison of birdHer and her auntBraided her hair back even though she had really big beautiful curly hairWas more liberated in ItalyNeeds to speak English not Italian because Italian is not respectableNeeded to be an ornamentMade ornaments for the homeneedleWORKmade decorative objects that have no use at all- very labor intensivework is not really worth anything

-one battle to another battle place-all the horses died except main charactersenthusiasm of main character-devotion to main cause-presented as attractive, admirable-character in a world where duty is everything-not written in iambic pentameter

- great classic example of dramatic monologue- without tells you what to think shows you a dark sinister speaker- talking about marrying another woman- objection is that the wife was sweet and kind to everyone- cold intense dislike that she is kind to sweet to anyone that is not him- SO HE HAD HER KILLED- ..

.for what? For smiling...

- iambic pentameter- heroic couplets- rhymes in pairs- traditional- shows a lot of control, mastery

wife tries to seduce husband.He strangles her with her own hairHe says they can finally sit peacefully nowGod has not said a word

three galloping through together,"So, Joris broke silence with, 'yet there is time'", all the horses die

"Thou large-brained woman and large-hearted man,/ Self-called George Sand!..."About a man and woman that are famous at a circus, there is thunder above and they have "pinions" - a shaft or spindle cut with teeth engaging with a gear.

"To kiss upon thy lips a stainless fame."

"True genius, but true woman! "weaker women wear gauds (ornaments) in captivity"The world thou burnest in a poet-fire""Till God unsex thee on the heavenly shore/ Where unincarnate (disembodied) spirits purely aspire!"

"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways"I love thee freely, purely, with passion"I shall love thee better after death"

Going to EnglandCried a lotIt's where her father used to liveIs going to her father's sister"country-house"her father's sister seems strict(aunt?)kind of old, seems weary, worn down"She had lived, we'll say,/ A harmless life, she called a virtuous life""A sort of cage-bird life, born in a cage,/Accounting that leap from perch to perch/...I, alas,/ A wild bird scarcely fledged, was brought to her cage,/ And she was there to meet me. Very kind.

""'She loved my father and would love me too/ As long as I deserved it.' Very kind.""And thus my father's sister was to me/ My mother's hater."They generally got along and were courteous to eachother, did not tenderly love eachother

Aunt taught her how to needle pointAunt had her braid her hair back "because she liked smooth ordered hair"She stopped speaking Italian (Tuscan) because "she liked my father's child to speak his tongue.

"Learned French and German "since she liked a range/ Of liberal education, -tongues, not books."Learned other random things Learned much musicPainted, danced, "spun glass, stuffed birds, and modeled flowers in wax,/ Because she liked accomplishments in girls."Learned about feminism- more like the opposite of itLearned to cross stitch"By the way,/ The works of women are symbolical.""This hurts most, this—that, afterall, we are paid/The worth of our work, perhaps."

Speaker is with a guest that he is addressingFra pandolf was the painterPainted a duchess for a daySpeaker was her husbandArtist calling the duchess beautiful, she says its just courtesy. She blushes anywaysShe was almost too polite, too easily amusedGenerous and kind to many people

The speaker is very controlling, only wanted her to smile around himOther people brought her material gifts, he was jealous of this, but we don't really know the reason why.

He gave her his last name (and he was duke so he gave her "duchess" title)He only wants her to be nice to him since he gave her his last nameHe refused to tell her why he was upset with herA normal husband is expected to explain to his wife when she is doing something wrongHe says explaining that to her would be stooping: he's too proud to do thatHer smile is not special to himHe doesn't think she treats him special enough

"This grew; I gave commands;/then all smiles stopped together"at the end they are done looking at the paintinghe's looking for a dowry so he can get married again the duchess is nothing but representationshe's just an object he wants to controlbasically warning to the agent that he killed his last wifeso the next wife "better behave"

- husband strangles his wife- he is just sitting all night with this corpse- he's expecting to be punished, "And yet God has not said a word!"- Victorians were questioning God/religion- Choked her to death and then sat with her all night

tennyson's poems, not Elizabeth barrett browning, but yes to Robert browning and Arnold

sadness not caused by any particular thought, wake up, don't know why, just feel gloomy

-it's a lyric poem - does not tell a story - doesn't tell a narrative, speaks of a state of mind or emotion, maybe a shift of mind or emotion,- starts out as a very beautiful view of a location out of a window-calm beautiful image of English channelacross the channel in Francebeautiful scene of where England is in the world

sound of the surf reminds him of how thepebbles get dragged in a nd out thinkinga bout the scrape of human misery tha comes and goesthe world used to be at high tide with faith but now that too is receding, its slipping awaymelancholy receding of faiththe world SEEMS to lay before us actually, there is no joy, no light, no peace, no servitude

no meaning, no redemption, no faith except the possibility of a human relationship, "Ah love, let us be true to one another" is we can love each other, have faith in each other, then there is something in our life we can have faith in

200 years ago there was a student at oxford who got tired of being a student and ran away with the gypsiesbands of people traveled around on wagons, had a bad reputation for being criminal, constantly movingwhat they knew how to do was musicians, scholar learns to be a musician toothe speaker, poet wants to be a gypsy

it's controlled natureit's not wilderness, it's meadowsescape from city life out tot the ruralthe people that live out there (madins, work the land) those people can still see the gypsy scholarthe speaker can't but would like to be able to escape with the gypsy scholar from the pressures of modern life

warning the spirit to stay away from contact with normal people because it would kill him, he would diea time when things were simpler, you could count on faith, beauty, joy, the meaning of life

could be expressed as a hymmshe didn't set it to music but she wrote the lyricThe poem she wrote on her death bedRefused to lie down when she had tuberculosisShe was determined not to die but was not scared toShe knows she's going to heaven

it is a dramatic monologue this woman chained to the floorthis woman surprises them by talking backfantasy, gothic setting

Away as in day dreaming, letting "soul" (mind) wander"Through infinite immensity"

The speaker, a man, is visiting a dungeon in his father's castleWalking through the dungeon, idlyVery dark, unpleasant"Then, God forgive my youth, forgive my careless tongue!"there was a very young girl there, did not show any wrinkles on her face evidence of grief

the captive says she's been struck, is suffering, the bolts and irons will give soonthe jailor mocked her, asked if she thought she would "melt my master's heart with groans?"the jailor describes the master with a low voice, bland, kind, with a hard soul. Jailor describes self as rough and rudethe girl tells the jailor he has not heard her mournA messenger of Hope comes to her every nightComes with western winds & kills her with desire"Desire for nothing known in my mature years/ When joy grew mad with awe at counting future tears"

"Mute music soothes my breat"outward sense gone, inward essence feels, wings almost freepain when coming back to sensesshe wouldn't wish for any less tortureshe stopped talking ,turned around, "Her cheek, her gleaming eye, declared that man had given/ A sentence unapproved, and overruled by Heaven"

- the dress is medieval- quill is medieval- all the stuff in the background- dreamy stares- voluptuous, curvy women- parted lips

- "fleshly school of poetry"- did not want to open himself to the criticism even though he was criticized anyways- did not want to associate himself with a prostitute- attention to physical detail you wouldn't see in other poems- calls her symbols: flower, book- flower: she is a trampled flower- whose purse are you dreaming of- book: he's trying to read her, read her thoughts, imagine what her life is like

- there are beautiful illustrated editions- marketed for children but written for adults- what critics call a deceptively simple rhyme scheme her style is compelling with the content she is writing- different rhyme scheme for the goblins: relies on the sounds you hear at a market- when talking about just Laura and lizzie (184)- we think of the kinds of rhythms you're used to hearing- most of it is 5-7 syllables- much less predictable and stable when just domestic, at home scenes

- deceptively simple rhythms and rhyme scheme that she undercuts- poem about fallen women- often read as an allegory- laura is a fallen woman, lizzie goes to save her- was kind of read as a lesbian love poem - violence of goblins (males) in the scene where she wont eat the fruits- she sacrifices herself to save her sisters- when she talks of the goblin men, she speaks like them too- almost erotic intimacy between women

many faces on the artists canvases but they are all the same to the narrator. The artist paints the women as he wants them to look, not necessarily as she really does.

he is happy her love has come to her, her heart is happyShes so happy that its like her birthday

Jack and Algernon always doing it (inversions) for comic effect, practically the only way they talkInversions also borne of satire

Cecily: constantly making inversions"ingénue"no concept of double meanings, sex

Mouse is stuck in trapGoing to dieRunning low on foodChange in tone"The cheerful light, the vital air..

.the common gifts of heaven""So, when destruction lurks unseen, which men, like mice, may share, may some kind angel clear they path, and break the hidden snare."

Plant growingChild growingMother writing about childWanting to pray to make everything all right for the child alwaysPregnant mom

Recalling a day from her childhood, every day life of living in the country, repeats title throughout poem

one stanza poem about sleeping

Talks about the moonDepressed girlGriefCheerlessHopelessExhausted at heartWill reach the ear of heaven

Envious of the "lunatic"Lunatic-guy that lives by himself away from societyabout brooding poets

Thankful for the lambGod made the lambGod made the child and lamb

Little Black boywants to be whiteWants to be acceptedCompares to lambs

About Tom who had a dream about an angel telling him to be a good boyTom is a chimney sweeper sold youngLots of black, death

Love builds heaven in Hell's despairWhen love is only to please oneself it becomes hell

Death in LondonCrying InfantsMarriage--? Death

You tell your friend when you are angry with them, so the wrath endsAllowing yourself to hold a grudge against a foe lets your foe enjoy your anger

Little girl's siblings died and she still considers them her siblings

Get out of your books, go to nature, nature's great,We murder nature to dissect it Leave behind science and art, and go into nature

Fell in love with LucyWas riding his horse to her house at night and it occurred to him that Lucy could be dead

No one knew Lucy, but she died

Second/last stanza: No motion has she now, no force;She neither hears nor sees;Rolled round in earth's diurnal course,With rocks, and stones, and trees."

Poet can't help but be happy in nature, a lot of personification of nature

Rainbow, child, father, piety

Part One:X is at a wedding telling a story to a wedding guest, hypnotizes the guest into giving him his will. Tells story about how he was sailing with a crew and they kept traveling south, till it was frozen, X shot the albatross (good omen bird)

Part Two:The entire crew starves/becomes dehydrated because the albatross was killed.

They hang the bird around X's neck.

They come across the ship that is already dead. It appears that a woman is the captain. Every person on the ship is living dead.

Part Four:The guest at the wedding is concerned the mariner is a spirit and he assures him he is not. The mariner talks about the curse from the dead ship, he was starved and dehydrated but couldn't die even though everyone around him was dying. Then the albatross fell off his neck and everything got better

Part 5: It rained. The crew came back alive.

There is more penance (punishment) to come

Part Six:The ship goes on quickly without anyone steeringAncient mariner comes to his native countryThere were a bunch of corpsesSeraphs (shining celestial beings) stood in the corpsesA boat appeared with someone singing hymns on it

Part Seven:The boat that is nearing them looks creepy and starts to sinkX wakes up in the pilot's boatX moves his lips and the pilot passed out, the holy hermit prayed, and the pilot's boy laughedX is in his native country, on land but has an ever urge to travel from land to landX describes the wedding and how they prayX wants to teach the wedding guest a lesson, the guest is just kind of stunnedIt has been argued that there is no moral, there isn't really, just to have imagination, and want to believe

Poet was writing a poem and was interrupted by a person from Porlock Coleridge has written a fragment "of very different character, describing with equal fidelity the dream of pain and disease"Talks about a poet who live in Xanadu where there is the stip of fertile land There is a very old forest, a romantic chasm, a woman "wailing for her demon-lover!", rocks, a riverKubla heard "ancestral voices prophesying war!"A damsel playing her dulcimer singing of mount aboraWeaving a circle around a poet thrice was a magic ritual to protect the inspired poet from intrusion, can only drink the milk of paradise when under the influence of Dionysus

Can't sleep cus drugs

- memory and relationship to nature- beauty of nature recreated through the poem- subjectivity-what it's like to live in a human mind (consciousness)

- romantics like to idealize childhood- the children are gone but to her they still live and exist in her imagination, as far as she's concerned, she still has six siblings- commonness of death in childhood

Lucy Poems by William Wordsworth

- poet loves a simple country girl- nobody knows about her but she means a lot to him- she's the object of his subjectivity- the poems aren't about her, it's about his feelings about her

-was taking opium bc he had indigestion-in and out of mental state, pains of doing drugs-how difficult it is for him to go to sleep, being punished for awful emotions he doesn't want-claims he hasn't done anything to feel so guilty-he is going through withdrawl-expresses so vividly, it's not his fault-Opiates were not legal

Aunt Phillipa marries a younger man who gambles all her money awayHe works as a stage coach driverAunt phillipa rides on his coach every day. It's austen making fun of the idea that the women have to follow her husband around

- satire of the novels she loved in her youth- making fun of the elements of the novels she read

- making fun of :o epistolary form- no conversation going on bw the characters, making fun of how egotistical the heroines can beo excessive sensibility- every time Laura and Isabel faint or "run mad" she is making fun of how "tenuous" the heroines grip was on realityo morality- the idea that a novel needs to have a good solid moral message, no moral to her storyo outrageous coincidences-people running into people all the timeo heroines as "paragons"- present a heroine that all women should aspire to but jane austen thinks they are ridiculous

Wrote to blend old and new romanceFrom the Castle of OtrantoManfred (villain): prince of Otranto arranged marriage b/w his son (Conrad) and Isabella. But Conrad is mysteriously killed on wedding dayManfred decides to divorce wife and marry IsabellaIsabella plans to flee when she finds out

Suppressed comedyFrom Vathek(evil) Spirits getting out, heaven putting them back

"The Great Enchantress"rational heroines in a worlds of nightmarish mysterysuccession of inexplicable sights and soundsFrom The Romance of the ForestWalking around a creepy house with a lot of "old lumber"-furniture. Goes outside.

Moon. Picks up a dagger. It's rusted. Sees a pile of old furniture. Goes over to it, a scroll falls from it.

She can't read it so she runs awayFrom the Mysteries of UdolphoMontoni brings Emily to his castle. She is amazed by it at first but then feels she is entering a prison

Most gory and vividly written novel: The monkGoes from being a monk to a rapist and murdererSeduced by Matilda-female dragon disguised as Rosario (male novice)The MonkSaw a painting of Antonia and fell into a great lust for herSnuck to her room at night and charmed her to sleep, kissed her, almost did more but Elvira came in and started throwing a(n understandable) fit calling him a hypocrite and whatnot. The monk kept thinking about escaping. Elvira kept screaming so the monk grabbed her by the throat and suffocated her with a pillow on her face and his knee on her breast. The friar caught him in the act. "Antonia now appeared to him an object of disgust.

" He tried to run away "Wherever he turned, the disfigured corpse lie in his passage, and it was long before he succeeded in reaching the door"

There was a great interest in Gothic styleMaking a link to this very specific English pastGlorifying the sublimity of the but subordinated to sublimity of nature

Particular place in the world where Englishmen have died either in battle or in conquestSea, eqypt, india, America (Columbia is synonym for America), Portugal, south poleThe poems are written to make them memorableThe thematic patterns are a reason English children would be asked to remember them. They are very patriotic(could also be read sarcastic) but it is a sincere poem

each stanza has a themecompares stately homes/ great houses of England ( big beautiful country houses) with the cottages (where the people live on the lands of aristocrats, poor and depend completely on aristocrats for work)mother teaches and nurtures the children, whole family gets piety at homeDomesticity that teaches little children all about loving their country and GodPatriotism: you have to fight to protect your freedom

author did not kill herself when she was abandoned by her husbandRomanticization character of poem kills herself bc her husband doesn't want her domestic bliss anymoreImagines X woman feeling the same way about domesticity

- radical sentiment about how trivial tyrinical power is compared to art- the sculpter is the hand that mocked the figure, making a portrait of his face has revealed the contemptable features of the- is a lyric poem-tyrany will pass- but could be considered narrative poem- poet has written this poem with the idea that tyranny will pass- exposers of ozymandias' foolishness- "look on my works" yep, there's nothing there

the wind, fall, changing seasons

o Very common for 19th century poets to reach back into medeval English folklore or motifso The poor knight that falls in love with this woman that will seduce him as she has many before

looking at the urn and looking at the decoration aroung the urn, sees these scenes, action is depicted on the urn but it is frozen in time• This is what art does, freezes action in timeo Idea that art is eternal if human life has to passo As poetry is eternal, so does the poet get to be immortalo There is not heaven but there is poetryo Critics cannot agree whatsoever on what the last two lines mean

"beauty is truth, truth beauty," --that is all/ ye know on earth, and all ye need to know

Ozymandias is a king that has been sculpted. The pedestal of his statue talks about how he is the king of kings and where he is buried

Very colorful poemTalking about the changing of the seasonsWest wind=autumnColorful bc leaves and sky and horizonTalks about the blue mediteraneanFoliage in the atlantic oceanNeed dead leaves to grow new ones"If winter comes can spring be far behind?"

"There slumber England's dead" dead people everywhere turmoil gone when dead

England is a great placeNature, singing, children, church, nature"The stately homes of England"

"An Indian woman, driven to despair by her husband's desertion of her for another wife...

Her voice was heard from the shore singing a mournful death-song, until overpowered by the sound of the waters in which she perished..."one very long stanza with short lines describing the womanlong four lined stanzas coming from the woman's POV

Has traveled a lotgreatness of the seas/o to Apollo, homer, chapman, cortez, and darien

Fears of dying before he can write everything down that he wants to.He doesn't write for fame or love: "Of the wide world I stand alone, and think/ Till love and fame to nothingness do sink"

Everythings great in lust but not so much when the lust is gone

There is a virgin brideGods or menMaidensMusical instuments"Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/ Are sweeter..."youth, treespriestskiesmountaincitadellittle towndesolate streetsAttic of Greece (Attica)"Beauty is truth, truth beauty"

- his first time reading the piece in English, had originally read it in Greek, thinks it is much better in English

o First lines are about the poet wishing to be famouso Second quatrain about wishing to express thoughts and feelingso Then about the love he has for a womano Then standing alone and thinking about what it means that he will dieo Having to contemplate an eternity