Students with exceptionalities mid-term

Which of the following terms from IDEA refers to educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms? A. Least restrictive environment B. Zero reject C. Resource room D. Inclusion

Guided notes, graphic organizers, and mnemonic strategies are types of which of the following? A. Direct instruction techniques B. Assessment techniques C. Content enhancements D. Explicit instruction techniques

In order for students to receive special education services, they need which of the following? A. Classification in a disability category B. A medical evaluation C. Teacher approval D. Score at least two grade levels below average performance.

The federal law that first extended civil rights to people with disabilities is which of the following? A. Jacob K. Javitz Education Act B. IDEA C. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 D. NCLB

No Child Left Behind allows participation in alternative assessments for which of the following students? A. All special education students B. All students who are two grades below level in reading C. There are no provisions for alternative assessments. D. Students with severe disabilities

Educating students with disabilities with children who are not disabled to the maximum extent possible is called which of the following? A. The least restrictive environment B. Zero reject C. Regular education D. Related services

ADHD, sensory impairment, and emotional disturbance are disabilities that are which of the following? A. Causes of learning disabilities B. Cannot be present along with learning disabilities C. Disabilities that may occur with learning disabilities D. More highly diagnosed than learning disabilities

In order to move away from the remediation-only approach to instructing students with learning disabilities, teachers should move toward which of the following when teaching students with learning disabilities? A. Peer tutoring in reading and writing B. Content reading strategies to help strengthen skills C. Seeking help from the reading specialist for specialized reading skills D. Effective instructional design that allows access to and success in the core curriculum

Typically, what is the academic performance of students with emotional or behavioral disorders? A. The same as their nondisabled peers B. One or more years below grade level C. Below level in reading but on level in other subject areas D. One or more years above grade level

The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities has identified several weaknesses in the federal definition of learning disabilities. These weaknesses include all of the following except: A. Wording of the exclusion clause. B. No specific cause of learning disabilities C. The inclusion of spelling as a skills deficit D. Exclusion of adults

The first public school special education classes in the United States were for A. children with physical disabilities B. children with intellectual disabilities C. children with visual impairments D. children with hearing impairments

Which of the following changed all references of mental retardation in Federal statutes to intellectual disabilities? A. IDEA 2004 B. PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania C. Diana v. Board of Education D. Rosa's Law

All of the following are criteria for a diagnosis of intellectual disability except A. deficits in adaptive behavior B. significantly subaverage intelligence C. concurrent sensory disabilities D. manifestation during the developmental period

An intellectual disability is usually defined by an IQ that falls below A. 100 B. 90 C. 70 D. 80

The difference between the AAIDD and the IDEA definition of intellectual disabilities is A. age at manifestation is not a part of either definition B. the qualifying IQ score is lower in the AAIDD definition C. the effect on educational performance is only mentioned in the IDEA definition D. adaptive behavior is found only in the IDEA definition

Which of the following is not one of the five factors influencing human functioning as depicted in the AAIDD theoretical model? A. Health B. Academic success C. Intellectual abilities D. Adaptive behavior

Caleb is a student who needs limited and intermittent supports to function at school and in the community. Based on this knowledge, which of the following is most likely to represent his level of intellectual disability? A. Profound B. Severe C. Moderate D. Mild

Which of the following statements about IQ tests is not true? A. Intelligence tests can be culturally biased. B. Intelligence testing is not an exact science. C. IQ tests measure performance at one point in time. D. IQ test scores tend to be static.

IQ tests are useful for all of the following purposes except A. measuring a hypothetical construct B. identifying overall deficits in cognitive functioning C. determining objectives for an IEP D. predicting school achievement

Which of the following best represents a deficit in adaptive behavior? A. 14-year-old Rodney calls his friend a sissy for wearing a hat in cold weather. B. 12-year-old Chandler cannot cross the street without assistance. C. 5-year old Darrell prefers velcro to laces on his shoes D. 3 year-old Joey is afraid of the dark.

Disruptive behavior that interferes with early learning of skills and tasks can result in which of the following for students with emotional and behavioral disorders? A. Being placed in gifted and talented education classes B. Scoring in the slow learner or mild intellectual disabilities range on intelligence tests C. Being retained in a grade D. Getting poor report card grades

Requiring that all students with disabilities participate in state-wide assessments and that all students make adequate progress are components of which of the following? A. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 B. No Child Left Behind C. IDEA D. Jacob K. Javitz Education Act

In the past, students with mild intellectual disabilities were presented with which of the following curricula? A. A functional curriculum B. Isolated skills with developmental prerequisites C. The traditional general education curriculum D. A slowed and/or watered-down version of the general education curriculum that focused largely on traditional academic subjects

For students with learning disabilities, learning to read and reading for comprehension are which of the following? A. The least common problem B. The most common problem C. Sometimes a problem D. Not a problem

A functional curriculum does which of the following? A. Presents curriculum in a slow and/or watered-down version of the general education curriculum that focused largely on traditional academic subjects. B. Teaches academic subjects with a life skills or practical focus. C. Teaches isolated skills with developmental prerequisites. D. Provides basic literacy skills of reading, writing, and math.

In which setting is a special education teacher responsible for all educational programming in a subject area for eight to 12 students with learning disabilities? A. A separate special school B. The resource room C. A separate classroom D. The general education classroom

The term handicap refers to which of the following? A. The loss or reduced function of a particular body part or organ B. An impairment that limits a person's ability to perform certain tasks in the same way that most persons do C. A disability that leads to educational, personal, social, vocational, or other problems D. Children who, although not currently identified as having a disability, are considered to have a greater than usual chance of developing one

Individuals with intellectual disabilities may exhibit deficits in cognitive skills. All of the following are areas of cognitive functioning except: A. Attention B. Learning rate C. Behavior D. Memory

Which term is more restrictive than exceptional children because it does not include children who are intellectually gifted? A. At-risk students B. Students with disabilities C. Students with impairments D. Handicapped

Difficulty with reading, writing, math, social skills, and attention are all characteristics of learning disabilities. However, specific and significant achievement deficits in spite of adequate overall intelligence are considered which of the following? A. A diagnosis B. Testing outcomes C. Referral issues D. The defining characteristic

A person's adaptive behavior is usually assessed by A. interviewing the person B. administering a written test C. interviewing someone who knows the person well D. watching a person perform specific tasks

Which of the following adaptive behavior assessments includes questions about adaptive and maladaptive behaviors? A. ABS-S2 B. ABS II C. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales D. DABS

Most students with mild intellectual disabilities are identified A. in high school when curriculum becomes content oriented B. shortly after birth C. when they enter school D. in preschool

Students with intellectual disabilities have ability similar to persons without disabilities in A. short term memory B. working memory C. metacognition D. long term memory

Tony is a normally developing student in preschool. He learned to discriminate between a circle and a triangle in three trials. His classmate, Jay, has an intellectual disability. How many trials might Jay require to perform the same task? A. 3 B. 50 C. 30 D. 10

Which of the following statements about attention and students with intellectual disabilities is most accurate? A. They are slower to attend to relevant features of a task. B. They are more likely to focus on complex tasks rather than simple ones. C. They have extreme difficulty coming to attention but can focus once a stimulus grabs their attention. D. They have a great capacity for sustained attention.

Which of the following exemplifies learned helplessness? A. Brenda asks for help when she does not understand how to solve a math problem. B. Ayden listens to the teacher as she gives directions. C. Colleen counts on her fingers to multiply 4 × 9 because she does not know the answer. D. Darla has studied for a spelling test but she refuses to write any of the words the teacher dictates.

Carlos is a student with an intellectual disability. Mrs. Busby, his teacher, just saw him copying from Jasmine's paper rather than attempt a writing assignment on his own. How can she help Carlos be more independent? A. She should give Carlos a lower grade for copying. B. She should assign each student a different topic so that copying would be useless. C. She should allow Carlos to choose a topic to write about. D. She should punish Carlos for cheating.

Which of the following is not true of learned helplessness and outer-directedness? A. They often result from dependency on other people. B. They may be caused by frequent failure. C. They are an inherent characteristic of intellectual disabilities. D. They are often seen as a lack of motivation

Which of the following is the best example of self-determination? A. Gina asks to ride the bus to town with her cousin so she can learn to use public transportation. B. Frances refuses to take a consumer math class because she hates math. C. Janelle decides to ride to school with her mother because her mother says the students on the bus are too wild. D. Holly decides to leave school during lunch period to celebrate a friend's birthday at a restaurant.

Social deficits displayed by students with intellectual disabilities include all of the following except A. poor communication skills B. inability to recall names C. inability to recognize emotional states of others D. unusual or inappropriate behavior during social interactions

Which of the following statements about challenging behaviors and students with intellectual disabilities is true? A. Students with severe intellectual disabilities generally exhibit fewer challenging behaviors. B. Students with mild intellectual disabilities rarely display challenging behaviors. C. Students with severe intellectual disabilities generally display more challenging behaviors. D. The challenging behaviors displayed are usually caused by mental illness.

During the 2009-2010 school-year, what percentage of school-aged children received special education services under the disability category of intellectual disabilities? A. 3.2 % B. 12.4% C. 10.1 D. 7.8%

Deficits in self-care skills and social relationships are two areas of which of the following? A. Adaptive behavior skills B. Academic skills C. Vocational skills D. Intelligence

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders often have difficulty with social skills. This deficit can primarily lead to which of the following? A. Medication that can help with anxiety that is produced in social situations B. Lower grades because they have difficulty asking for help C. Speech/language therapy to improve conversation skills D. Fights and altercations because students lack the skills needed to handle incidents

Behaviors that include getting out of one's seat; yelling, talking out, and cursing; disturbing peers; hitting or fighting; ignoring the teacher; complaining; arguing excessively; stealing; lying; destroying property; temper tantrums; and not complying with directions are called which of the following? A. Anxiety B. Self-injurious behaviors C. Externalizing behaviors D. Internalizing behaviors

The presence of students with disabilities impairing the academic skills of students without disabilities in an inclusive classroom is a concern of which of the following? A. Parents of students with disabilities B. Some educators C. Parents of students without disabilities D. Students without disabilities

Which of the following is the federal law that extends civil rights protection for persons with disabilities to private-sector employment, all public services, public accommodation, transportation, and telecommunications? A. Americans with Disabilities Act B. IDEA C. Jacob K. Javitz Education Act D. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Which of the following were traditionally educated in self-contained classrooms in the public schools? A. Students with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities B. Regular education students C. Students with learning disabilities D. Students with mild intellectual disabilities

Caregiver, provider, teacher, counselor, and behavior support specialist are some of the roles of which of the following? A. The general education teacher B. The parent of a student with disabilities C. The special education teacher D. The sibling of a child with disabilities

Preventive intervention is designed to do which of the following? A. Teach a substitute skill that enables a person with a disability to perform a task B. Prevent, eliminate, and/or overcome the obstacles that might keep a child with disabilities from learning C. Attempt to eliminate specific effects of a disability D. Ensure that all students reach benchmarks in reading

Which of the following definitions of mental retardation represents a change from classifying intellectual disabilities on the basis of estimates of an individual's intellectual deficiencies to estimating the intensities of supports needed to improve functioning in the school, home, community, and work environments? A. AAIDD definition B. IDEA definition C. NCLB definition D. ADA definition

What are screening tests? A. Screening tests are used to identify a student's disability. B. Screening tests are used to determine if a student will go on to the next grade level. C. Screening tests are used to help a teacher determine report card grades. D. Screening tests are used with large groups of children to find out who might have a disability and need further testing.

The difference in the prevalence rates of intellectual disabilities is largely due to A. differences in poverty rates B. differences in availability of services C. differences in criteria used for identification D. differences in parental education

The two most common genetic causes of intellectual disabilities are A. Down syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder B. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome C. Prader Willi Syndrome and PKU D. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Tay-Sachs disease

Marvin is a second grade student with a moderate intellectual disability. His teachers claim that he gnome costume for Halloween was perfect for him. They say that he is always happy and that he never meets a stranger. Recently his teacher had to stop him from leaving the classroom with a man who had come to fix the computer. Marvin displays characteristics of a person with A. PKU B. Williams Syndrome C. Prader-Willi syndrome D. Fragile X syndrome

All of the following are environmental causes of intellectual disabilities except A. communication disorders B. poverty C. chronic sensory deprivation D. child abuse

Which of the following is a maternal screening test that can identify pregnancies at risk for Down syndrome and spina bifida? A. AFP, alphafetoprotien B. Chorionic villi sampling C. Tandem mass spectrometry D. phenylketonuria

A new test for genetic abnormalities that can be done as early as five weeks into the pregnancy is done by A. performing an ultrasound B. removing chorionic tissue C. detecting fetal DNA and RNA in the mother's bloodstream D. examining maternal serum

Which of the following causes of intellectual disabilities is preventable? A. Lead poisoning B. Spina bifida C. Chromosomal disorders D. Single-gene disorders

Who was the first person to develop methods for educating persons with intellectual disabilities? A. Bengt Nirje B. Jean Itard C. Lewis Terman D. Edgar Doll

Which of the following statements about functional academic skills are true? A. They are standardized. B. They are the skills that are the easiest to learn. C. They are easy to identify. D. They are skills that are useful to a student.

Which question is critical for teachers in determining which skills to include in a functional curriculum? A. Will learning this knowledge/skill be frustrating? B. Will this skill make the student more independent? C. Will it be needed when the student is 21? D. Will not learning the skill result in negative consequences?

Which of the following statements about self-determination is least accurate? A. Self-determination is both a goal and a means for achieving other goals. B. Self-determination is a lofty goal. C. Self-determination cannot be taught to students in elementary school. D. Self-determination requires a complex set of skills.

Possible benefits of labeling and classification in schools include all of the following except: A. Providing accommodations and services. B. Focusing on the disability. C. A protective response from peers. D. Disability-specific advocacy groups.

Collaboration, consultation, and teaming are three ways for team members to do which of the following? A. Ensure effective instruction B. Ensure student progress C. Work together D. Supervise teachers

Which of the following is a complex issue involving emotional, political, and ethical considerations in addition to scientific, fiscal, and educational interests? A. Accommodations B. Special education C. Classroom design D. Classification

Which of the following is provided by Response to Intervention? A. Test scores to help determine the placement of students in special education B. Early intervention in the form of scientifically validated instruction to all children in the school who are at risk for failure C. Information to report to parents D. Scores to help teachers complete report cards

Bias and faulty judgment about parents from culturally and linguistically diverse families can primarily result from which of the following? A. Teachers failing to recognize and respect differences between their own cultural perspectives and the values and beliefs of families B. Difficulty with communication C. Treating the parents as adversaries D. Expecting the worst of parent interactions

Which of the following students would not need training in recruiting teacher attention? A. A student who asks questions in a disruptive manner B. A student who asks too many questions C. A student who rarely asks questions D. A student who asks subject oriented questions

Breaking down complex skills into smaller subskills or steps to make learning easier is known as A. direct instruction B. task analysis C. programmed instruction D. applied learning

Which portion of the IEP refers to how a child's disability affects his or her involvement and progress in the general curriculum? A. Goals and objectives B. The statement of the child's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance C. Special education and related services D. Appropriate accommodations

Teaming primarily involves which of the following? A. Ongoing communication and cooperation B. Team members providing information and expertise to one another C. A group of people working together for the benefit of the child D. Weekly meetings with all members of the team

A score of 70 or less on an IQ test indicates which of the following? A. Above average intelligence B. Normal intelligence C. Mild subaverage intelligence D. Intellectual disability

Questioning effectively involves A. Staying focused on the educational plan B. Keeping professional distance C. Using open-ended questions D. Attending and responding to all conversations

Some students with emotional and behavioral disorders make excellent progress in academic areas when provided with which of the following types of instruction? A. Direct functional behavior assessment B. Functional behavioral analysis C. Explicit, systematic instruction D. Effective behavior management plans

Which of the following students would be identified as having difficulty with generalization of learning? A. Billy can tie his sneakers but not his dress shoes. B. Jacob has learned how to read music but he refuses to help his brother learn it. C. Keelee can add three-digit numbers, but she can't subtract them. D. Melvin has learned to write his name in cursive at school, so he wants to write it at home and at church.

During the practice stage of learning, feedback for students with intellectual disabilities should A. be given after every 3rd response B. emphasize the correct rate of skill performance C. be given after every correct response D. emphasize the effort that the student displayed during performance

An instructional strategy that incorporates student's familiarity with technology to teach needed skills in a variety of settings is A. Cell Phone Prompting B. iPod Video Modeling C. Wii Simulations D. Digital Dramas

Which of the following strategies is least likely to promote successful inclusion for students with intellectual disabilities? A. Collaborative learning B. Direct training in social skills C. Common recess time D. Peer tutoring

A period of emotional crisis; a period of alternating feelings of anger, guilt, depression, shame, lowered self-esteem, rejection of the child, and overprotectiveness; and the acceptance of the child are which of the following? A. The stages of adjustment of a child with disabilities B. The stages of adjustment of special education teachers with new students C. The stages of adjustment of regular education teachers when meeting a child with disabilities in their classroom D. The stages of adjustment of parents of children with disabilities

Listening actively involves attending and responding to conversation and which of the following? A. Conveying through verbal and nonverbal means that parent input is valued B. Paying attention to content C. Using open-ended questions D. Focusing on the child's educational program and progress

The belief that the general education classroom does not offer the intense, individualized education for a child with disabilities is the reason why inclusion is rejected by which of the following? A. School districts B. Some parents of students with disabilities C. General education teachers D. Special education teachers

An increased emphasis on collaboration between parents and teachers is influenced by which of the following factors? A. Individual school district mandates B. Students' lack of academic achievement C. Parents wanting to be involved D. Teachers constantly communicating with parents

Which of the following should include a statement of program modifications or supports for school personnel that will be provided for the child? A. Goals and objectives B. Present level of performance C. A statement of special education and related services D. Appropriate accommodations

Remembering that families know certain aspects of their children better than anyone else is a factor that primarily influences which of the following? A. The argument for parents being invited to the IEP meeting B. The argument for parents writing the student's IEP C. The argument for weekly parent conferences D. The argument for active involvement of parents in educational planning

Who is the most likely person to raise concerns about a child's learning, behavior, or developmental differences? A. A school psychologist B. A pediatrician C. A teacher or parent D. A child's friend

Families know certain aspects of their children better than anyone, families have the greatest vested interest in seeing their children learn, the family is likely to be the only group of adults involved with a child's educational program throughout his or her entire school career, and families must live with the outcomes of decisions made by education teams are arguments for which of the following? A. Parents being the author of the IEP B. Parents determining all the educational approaches for their child C. Increased family involvement in a child's education D. Parents spending more time in their child's classroom

Examples of written communication from the teacher to the parent are which of the following? A. Providing interpreters, conducting meetings in family-friendly settings, and having native speakers make the initial contact B. Building rapport, obtaining information, providing information, and summarizing and following up C. Reflecting, explaining, understanding, and negotiating D. Happy grams, parent appreciation letters, and special accomplishment charts

Which of the following provisions for parents is included in IDEA? A. Parent participation in the form of shared decision making B. Permission for testing C. Mandatory attendance at the IEP meetings D. Sole parent authorship of the IEP

Mrs. O' Cain asks Travis to identify the middle sound in the word hit. Which phonemic awareness skill does this task involve? A. Isolating sounds B. Orally blending sounds C. Manipulating sounds D. Segmenting a word into sounds

Travis is a third grade student with an intellectual disability. He has just been placed in Mrs. Kinard's third grade class. Students in his class are learning their multiplication facts. Travis is eager to participate in class but instead of allowing Travis to do the same activity as the other students, Mrs. Kinard gives him a worksheet that she obtained from a colleague who teaches kindergarten. Which of the disadvantages of labeling is exemplified by her actions? A. The label has caused her to have lower expectations. B. The label has caused her to waste both time and money. C. The label has caused her to ridicule and reject Travis. D. The label is being used to explain his behavior.

All of the following are features of special education curriculum except A. functional skills are sometimes taught B. instruction may be intensive and systematic C. objectives can be aligned to state standards D. Instruction is below the grade level of the student

All of the following contribute to disproportionate representation of diverse students in special education except A. inaccurate assessment B. inconsistent parental involvement C. ineffective instructional practices D. biased referrals

Effective home-school partnerships are characterized by A. Recognition of professional expertise B. A climate of mutual respect and trust C. Empirical support D. pursuit of individual goals

Principles for effective communication between parents and educators include all of the following except A. Staying Focused B. Effective Questions C. Accepting Parents' Statements D. Passive Listening

Which of the following is the most time consuming form of home-school communications? A. Phone calls B. Dialogue notebooks C. Class newsletters D. Home school contracts

Why is it difficult to develop a clear definition of emotional disabilities? A. Emotional and behavior disorders usually occur in isolation. B. Most children are well behaved. C. There is a clear definition of what constitutes good mental health. D. Norms for appropriate behavior differ across cultures.

What is the kingpin in the behavior of students with emotional disabilities? A. Fighting B. Vandalism C. Noncompliance D. Tantrum

Which of these statements about the identification of students with emotional and behavior disorders is most accurate? A. Young children are more difficult to identify. B. Adolescents are more difficult to identify because they hide their problems. C. Systematic assessment methods are used for identification. D. Children with internalizing problems are the first to be identified.

What is the foundation for effective behavior management in the classroom? A. Token reward systems B. Good instruction C. Clear and immediate punishments D. Peer interventions

Which principle of IDEA states that no child with a disability can be excluded from a free, appropriate public education? A. Zero reject B. Full inclusion C. Mainstreaming D. Due process

Which of the following is a proactive management strategy? A. Seating difficult students in the back of the room B. Planning lessons with frequent transitions C. Allowing students opportunities to make choices D. Posting ambiguous rules and expectations

Teachers who exhibit differential acceptance for students with emotional and behavior problems A. Accept some inappropriate behaviors but not others B. Justify angry and aggressive student behavior as part of the disability C. Witness anger and aggression without becoming angry or aggressive D. Like some students better than others