Review – Know Your Psychologists

In 1905,___with Theodore Simon devised the first modern intelligence test.

The first woman to hold a Ph.D. in psychology (conferred in 1894) was ___.

___ developed a four stage theory of cognitive (intellectual) development in children.

The doctrine known as dualism, which holds that reality is composed of two entities, mind and matter (body) with the mind being entirely distinct from the body, was advocated by the French philosopher-mathematician ___.

___ stressed the importance of observation and imitation in learning and proposed a more social-learning approach.

The school of psychology known as behaviorism was founded with the publication of an influential article, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It", written by ___.

The humanistic psychologist who developed a "hierarchy of needs" that stressed the importance of positive growth and self-actualization was ___.

___ developed the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which is a three phase process for dealing with stress.

The French surgeon, ___, proposed that the production of speech is controlled by the left side of the human brain in an area later named after him.

___ developed a form of therapy called client-centered therapy, which stresses humanistic ideals such as positive personal growth.

___ was the American psychologist who discovered the "law of effect" through his experiments with cats in a "puzzle box".

___ developed a theory of moral development including preconventional, conventional and postconventional morality or reasoning.

The naturalist whose research and writings on the origin of species had a direct influence on the early school of psychology known as functionalism was ___.

___ in the mid-1960's conducted controversial research on social obedience.

One of the most influential psychologists of the late 20th century advocated the idea that behavior is controlled by its consequences was ___.

___ developed a eight stage theory of psychosocial development beginning with trust versus mistrust.

___ was the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology through his development of the id, ego, and superego.

___ received a Nobel prize for his research on split-brain patients who had their corpus callosums cut.

The Principles of Psychology, written by,___ , had a profound influence on the early development of psychology, along with his theory of emotions with Carl Lange.

___, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for work in the area of digestion, discovered that animals could learn to respond to completely arbitrary stimuli. This type of learning was later called classical conditioning.

The founder of Individual Psychology who developed the idea of "striving for superiority" and the "inferiority complex" was ___.

___ was a social psychologist who studied conformity and how group pressure affects distortion of judgement by asking subjects to compare the lengths of different lines.

___ proposed that personality was made up of two dimensions: introversion vs extroversion and emotionality (psychoficism) vs. stability (neuroticism).

_____ developed the concept of the collective unconscious, and founded The Analytical School of Psychology.

One of the first to use hypnosis to help patients was ___. He would "magnetize" his patients, harnessing their "animal magnetism" to cure their problems.

Linguist who suggested humans have an inborn or "native" propensity to learn to talk was ___.

___ studied people's facial expressions and found cross-cultural agreement on the interpretation of facial expressions.

A Swiss psychologist, ___ developed the inkblot test.

___ developed an intelligence scale (test) which stressed both verbal and nonverbal intelligence.

___ and William James developed a theory of emotions whereby emotions are the result of bodily reactions rather than the reverse.

American psychologist who made major revisions of Binet's intelligence test to create The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was ___.

___ developed cognitive theory of personality emphasizing that people actively participate in the cognitive organization of their interactions with the environment and behavior is characterized more by situational specificity rather than consistency.

An emotion theorist, ___ along with Bard, suggested emotional sensory information first reaches the thalamus, then simultaneously are felt and cause a bodily reaction.

___ proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triarchic theory of love.

German neurologist who discovered the part of the brain responsible for the comprehension of speech was ___.

___ divided intelligence into 8 different types; logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

The American psychologist, ___, proposed learned helplessness can cause depression or other mental illnesses; current advocate of positive psychology.

In 1879, the first psychology laboratory was established in Leipzig, Germany by ___.

___ continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children.

The English philosopher,___, argued every person begins life as "tabula rase" ("blank slate") and all knowledge is the result of experience, a view that became known as empiricism.

___ charged that psychoanalytic theory as developed by Freud was male-biased and proposed a more social-cultural approach to balance the masculine view of psychology of the time.

___ developed a rigorous empirical approach to the study of memory and the "forgetting curve".

Galton___, a cousin of Darwin, was an English scientist who coined the term "nature vs nurture" and a firm believer in the eugenic theory.

American psychologist who studied attachment to caregivers in infant monkeys was ___.

___ developed a distortion room that is named after him where people of similar sizes appear to be at different heights.

An American psychologist who researched differences between males and females in moral development, ___ believed that females tend to lean more towards fulfilling human needs and are more relationship oriented than males.

___, a Russian cognitive theorist who emphasized the role of the environment, especially the social world of people, in intellectual development and the "zone of proximal (potential) development."

An American trait theorist, ___ believed personality can be described in terms of fundamental traits that he divided into three kinds of traits: cardinal, central and secondary traits.

The trait theorist who divided personality into 16 factors: and suggested there were two types of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, was ___.

The individual who established the first American psychology research laboratory (at Johns Hopkins in 1883) established the first professional journal in psychology (the American Journal of Psychology, in 1887) and founded the American Psychological Association (in 1892) was ___