mid-1900s.
Jean Piaget developed and proposed his theories of cognitive development during the:
observing his own children.
Jean Piaget gathered the information for his theories about cognitive development by:
Sorting by color
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive scheme?
assimilation.
According to Piaget, the incorporation of new information into existing schemes is called:
accommodation.
Tim likes to explore his parents' house through touch. One day he touches the oven and burns his hand. Tim learns that although some objects are safe to touch, ovens are not. According to Piaget, this is an example of:
Four
How many stages of cognitive development did Piaget identify?
sensorimotor stage.
The Piagetian stage during which understanding of the world comes about through sensory experiences and motor actions is the:
reflexive.
According to Piaget, during the first sensorimotor substage, infants' behaviors are:
object permanence.
When D'Andre was 5 months old, he looked at a toy train, but when his view of the train was blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9 months old, he does search for it, reflecting his development of:
symbolic function substage.
The first substage of preoperational thought is the:
identical beakers of liquid.
Piaget's most famous conservation task study involved:
needs to be modified.
Much of the new research on cognitive development in children suggests that Piaget's theory:
egocentrism.
In talking with Grandma on the phone, Jake suddenly exclaims, "Oh, look at that pretty red bird!" When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, Jake says, "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and says good-bye. This is an example of:
animism.
A young child might be heard saying, "The moon is smiling at me." The child's belief that the moon has "human" qualities and is capable of action is referred to as:
internalized mental actions.
In Piaget's theory, "operations" refer to:
equilibration
A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next is called:
Centration
_______ is clearly evidenced in young children's lack of conservation when they focus their attention on one characteristic (such as height or length) to the exclusion of other characteristics.
classification.
To understand the relationships among relatives on a family tree, children need to be able to use the skill of:
concrete operational stage.
Tyrell understands that his father can also be a son and a brother, all at the same time. This suggests that Tyrell is in the:
concrete operations
During what stage of development can a child take a pile of rocks and place them in order from largest to smallest?
operations.
Reversible mental actions are called:
formal
According to Piaget, _______ operational thought comes into play between 11 and 15 years of age.
hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
In Piagetian terms, the cognitive ability to solve problems that develop in adolescence is called:
the degree to which their culture provides relevant practices.
Research suggests that the age at which individuals acquire conservation skills is associated with:
egocentrism
According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:
imaginary audience.
Stephanie, a 15-year-old high school student, is afraid to go to school because of a small pimple on her forehead. This exemplifies the concept of:
Classrooms should be less structured, allowing for discovery learning.
Which of the following educational practices is supported by Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
neo-Piagetians.
Developmentalists who argue that Piaget got some things right but that his theory needs considerable revision are called:
emphasizes that children actively construct their knowledge and understanding.
Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is similar to Piaget's theory in that it:
that are too difficult for a child to perform without assistance.
Tasks in the upper limit of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) are ones:
a social activity between a less knowledgeable child and another adult or child who is more knowledgeable.
According to Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), learning is:
the task is more difficult than the child can do alone.
A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone of proximal development if:
Scaffolding
_____ occurs when a teacher adjusts his or her level of support and guidance to the level of skill of the student.
All mental functions have social origins.
Which of the following reflects Lev Vygotsky's beliefs about language and thought?
using private speech to organize and regulate her thinking.
Latoya talks to herself often, especially when she is trying to solve a difficult problem. Vygotsky would say Latoya is:
social constructivist approach.
Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development best reflects a(n):
adults likely do not go beyond formal operational thought, but they do progress in how they use their intellect.
With respect to adult cognitive processes, psychologist K. Warner Schaie (1977) concluded that:
absolute, dualistic thinking.
Life-span development students often complain, "Why do we have to learn all of these theories? Why don't you just teach us the right one?" This complaint reflects:
provisional.
Postformal thought is considered to be:
the AB error.
The Piagetian concept in which an infant searches for a hidden object in a familiar location rather than looking for it in a new location is called:
