Amygdala
Linked to strong emotions of fear and anger
Hypothalamus
Maintains eating, drinking, body temperature and control of emotions
Reticular formation
A nerve network in the brain that plays and important role in arousing
Thalamus
Sensory switchboard, directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex
Hippocampus
Helps us to form memories
Cerebral cortex
Does all processing and holding of information
Cerebral cortex
Does all processing and holding of information
Cerebellum
Helps coordinate involuntary movement and balance
Brain stem
Oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells & enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions
Medulla
The base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing
Corpus callosum
Holds 2 halves of brain together
Left hemisphere
Processes reading, writing, speech, comprehension skills and mathematics
Sensory cortex
Receives information from skin surface and sense organs
Motor cortex
The area at the rear of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement
Limbic system
A doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex. It includes hippocampus, amygdaloid and hypothalamus
Parietal lobe
Process sensory information, sense of touch
Temporal lobe
Auditory information
Occipital lobe
Visual processing
Frontal lobe
Judgment and decision making
An axon transmits messages ____ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages_____ the cell body.
Away from; toward
Multiple sclerosis is a disease that is most directly associated with the degeneration of:
The myelin sheath
Depressed mood states are linked to _____ levels of serotonin and _____ levels of norepinephrine.
Low; low
A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n)
Agonist
The peripheral nervous system consists of:
Sensory and motor neurons
The autonomic nervous system most directly controls:
Bladder contractions
Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a(n):
Severed spinal cord
The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine _____ blood pressure and _____ blood sugar levels.
Raises;raises
In order to monitor electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n):
EEG.
Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to:
Alcholism
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking?
Frontal
Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, phineas gage was most strikingly debilitated by:
Irritability
In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia?
Wernicke's area
Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates:
Plasticity
Research with split brain patients led Michael Gazzaniga to conclude that the _____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.
Left cerebral hemisphere
Who would have been most likely to claim that a slight protrusion in a certain region of someone's skull indicated that the individual had an optimistic personality?
Franz Gall
Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain controls are called:
Endorphins
Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n):
ACh antagonist
Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the:
Synaptic gaps
In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ____ blood sugar levels and ____ the pupils of the eyes
Raises; dilates
While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different:
Neural networks
Which of the following chemical messengers is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
Norepinephrine
Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?
a PET scan
Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history?
Brainstem
After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her:
Cerebellum
The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the:
Hypothalamus
Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating judgment?
Frontal lobes
The region of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as:
Association areas
Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience:
Aphasia
The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of an entire cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of:
Plasticity
Angular gyrus
Ability to read out loud
Brock's area
Speaking
Wernicke's area
Language comprehension
