PSYCH Chapter 5

According to Bandura, to learn anything through observation, the learner must first

The four elements of observational learning are attention, memory, ______, and ______.

Bandura conducted some of his research to study

The learning/performance distinction is demonstrated by

If Pavlov's dogs heard a ticking similar to that of the metronome used in his experiments,

After a lengthy period during which the UCS was not applied, Pavlov's dogs stopped responding to the metronome. If a weaker conditioned response to the metronome occurred at some point after this, it would be a demonstration of:

_____ believed that classical conditioning occurred because the CS became a substitute for the UCS when paired closely together in time.

"Little Albert" acquired a conditioned emotional response to the rat when its presentation was coupled with

One of the first psychologists to conduct studies in an attempt to explain human behavior was

An unconditioned stimulus is always followed by a(n)

________ pioneered the empirical study of the basic principles of classical conditioning.

Research suggests that once people learn something,

Marco's mom gives him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher. Marco's mom uses

Which of the following would be considered negative reinforcement?

A police car is a ___________ for slowing down.

_______ is an example of punishment by removal.

Fishing is an example of an activity with a

A recent study suggests a link between spanking and

A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses both analysis of current behavior and shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is

Most of the time, punishment

In Tolman's study of latent learning, one group of rats was rewarded for getting out of the maze, a second was not rewarded during training trials but was rewarded eventually, and a third group of rats was

Köhler's chimp experiment involved

Köhler's chimp study demonstrates that insight requires

Amy is unhappy with her job. She works long hours for little pay and her boss is disrespectful to her. Even though she knows it's a bad job, she doesn't quit or find a new job as she thinks her efforts won't matter. This is an example of

In toilet training a cat, "Lid Up, Seat Down" is known in operant conditioning as

Changes such as an increase in height or the size of the brain are called

What are the two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of?

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.

Pavlov initially set out to study his dogs'

Which psychologist is best known for working with children and a Bobo doll to study whether aggressive behavior is learned by watching others be aggressive?

Which of the following is one of Bandura's elements of observational learning?

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful is called

It is believed that animals revert quickly to instinctual behaviors when the new tasks they are learning have a strong association with

In a(n) ________, the occurrence of reinforcement is more predictable and therefore the individual being reinforced is more likely to adjust his response to the timing of the reinforcement.

Birds, who find their food by sight, will avoid any object or insect that simply looks like the one that made them sick. This is a result of

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a/an

In his study of rats in mazes, Tolman concluded that the rats in the group that didn't receive reinforcement for solving the maze had

In his classical conditioning experiment, Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate when they

Small steps in behavior that are reinforced, one after the other, to create a particular goal behavior are known as

In Köhler's experiment, Sultan the chimp first used just one stick that was lying in his cage to rake the banana into the cage, and then learned to fit two sticks together. This was an example of

The cognitive perspective of classical conditioning involves

The law of effect states if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it is likely to

In Seligman's study on dogs, the dogs that were not conditioned to fear the tone

_________ is the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (in operant conditioning).

Further studies that followed Köhler's work with chimpanzees

After a childhood filled with cavities, Kyle has an active dislike of the dentist's drill. His tendency to become anxious when hearing a similar-sounding noise is termed

Whenever Vernon comes home too late on a Saturday night, his parents refuse to give him his weekly allowance. Vernon's parents are using what technique to modify his behavior?

A teacher has decided to give 'caught being good' tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using

Carla was bitten by a dog when she was a toddler. She's older now, but still backs up in fear whenever a dog approaches her. This is an example of

In a later modification of the classic Bobo doll experiment, the children who saw a model beat up the doll and then get rewarded showed aggression toward the doll. Which of the following statements is true about the other children, who saw the model get punished rather than rewarded?

The learning/performance distinction is demonstrated by

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful is called

In a(n) ________, the occurrence of reinforcement is more predictable and therefore the individual being reinforced is more likely to adjust his response to the timing of the reinforcement.

In order to be effective, a secondary reinforcer must be paired with a

Further studies that followed Köhler's work with chimpanzees

Small steps in behavior that are reinforced, one after the other, to create a particular goal behavior are known as

Operant conditioning is dependent on

In Seligman's study, dogs that had been harnessed and had learned there was nothing they could do to escape a shock

When a behavior is reinforced according to the number of responses required, it is

It is believed that animals revert quickly to instinctual behaviors when the new tasks they are learning have a strong association with

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a/an

Aggression in children is ________ violence on TV.

In negative reinforcement, a(n) _________ is removed; in punishment by removal, a(n) ________ is removed.

Köhler believed that Sultan the chimp had solved the problem of reaching the banana

Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they

Which of the following would be considered negative reinforcement?

A typical use of applied behavior analysis is

A teacher has decided to give 'caught being good' tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using

In a later modification of the classic Bobo doll experiment, the children who saw a model beat up the doll and then get rewarded showed aggression toward the doll. Which of the following statements is true about the other children, who saw the model get punished rather than rewarded?

The learning/performance distinction is a kind of

The four elements of observational learning are attention, memory, ______, and ______.

_____ believed that classical conditioning occurred because the CS became a substitute for the UCS when paired closely together in time.

______ is the classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.