Gender
Includes all behavioral characteristics that a society considers appropriate for men or women
Gender Roles
Each society generally has a set of expectations regarding the behaviors and traits that are considered appropriate for males as compared to females
Desirable Characteristics
key element of gender-role norms is that within a society
Gender Role Norm
While Charlotte is growing up, she is socialized into believing that a woman should stay home and take care of the children while men go off to work and "bring home the bacon"
Gender Role Stereotypes
Overgeneralizations about attributes for each sex
Masculine to Feminine
Agency is to Communality as
Changed Slightly
Research on gender role stereotypes has shown that in the United States during the past few decades, gender-role stereotypes have
More women now view themselves as having agentic traits
With regard to gender stereotypes in the 1990s versus today
Females appear to have a small advantage
The best summary concerning differences in verbal abilities is that
females obtain slightly higher grades in math classes
Research on gender differences in math ability has shown that
Males and females are far more similar than different
What is the best conclusion about psychological differences between the sexes?
Ban the use of the terms masculine and feminine
If you believe in the social- role hypothesis, then you would be most likely to argue that the most effective ay to change the stereotype of men as dominant would be to
Although actual psychological gender differences are small, they make a major difference in a society
Which statement about sex differences is true?
Gender Identity
For the first time in her life, little Glenda looks at her mom and says "Glenda is a girl". This statement indicates that Glenda has just achieved
Gender Typing
The process by which children become aware of the fact that they are either male or female and that there are different cultural expectations concerning the pattern of behavior for the two sexes is called
around the point that they become aware of their basic gender identities
Children appear to learn gender stereotypes
Gender Segregation
Spanky,Alfalfa, and the rest of the boys in first grade have decided that from now on, boys will only play with boys and never with girls. This decision provides a nice example of the concept of
intolerance of any deviation from proscribed gender roles
Gender intensification involves an increased
a starting point for biological differentiation of the sexes
Biosocial theory views the sex chromosome pattern of an infant
have been exposed prenatally to male hormones
Androgenized females are girls who
Observational Learning
A social learning theorist would use the concept of ___ to explain how a child watching her mother engage in feminine activities would directly lead the child to acquire a feminine gender identity
depends on stage like changes in thinking
According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of gender typing, gender role development
Female characters are often still portrayed as passive and helpless
Research on gender portrayals in of characters in picture and elementary school books found that
Gender is stable across time
Gender stability is defined as understanding that
influence what people pay attention to and remember regarding gender
Gender Schemata
Children often acquire gender typed behaviors and preferences before they acquire gender stability and consistency
The most common criticism of Kohlberg's cognitive development explanation of gender typing is that
become more traditional and differentiated in a married couple following the birth of a child
In general, gender roles
High in masculine traits and high in feminine traits
Androgyny refers to individuals who are
becoming parents pressures males to be more "masculine" and females to be more "Feminine"
Guttman's hypothesis regarding the "parental imperative" suggests that
what's ok for him is not ok for her
Double standard
the character of emotions changes as we develop cognitively
True of emotions
intimate companion
an attachment is best defined as a strong affectional tie that binds a person to an
are, throughout the lifespan, aimed at individuals from whom we derive a sense of security
attachments
an innate tendency to follow moving objects
imprinting refers to
a biologically-based connection between infant and parent
bonding is
Gender Segregation
Gender Identity
