Music History 1

melody without harmony or counterpoint

music arranged in parts for several voices or instruments

simultaneous instrument and vocal melody

a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment

single or double-reed instrument often mistaken for flute, used by ancient Greeks. consists of twin pipes

a stringed instrument used for personal accompaniment in ancient Greek music

...Music of the spheres, the belief that the planets and celestial bodies move together in harmony

...Music of the body, the belief that the human body exists in a state of harmony (ie sickness is out of harmony)

...Music of the instruments, the final and lowest form of ancient music consisted of audible music like we know today

The belief that listening to certain music changes your ethos and affects your character

Music affects your soul (both positively and negatively depending on the music)

...Capella's classifications of the 3 essential language arts; being grammar, logic, and rhetoric

...Boethius's classifications of the 4 essential maths and sciences; being geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and harmonics

...Boethius's fundamentals of music, consisting of musica mundana, musica humana, and musica instrumentalis

...a series of 8 prayer services held at specific times of each day in a religious community

...the parts of the Mass that do not change, although the songs may change

...the parts of the Mass that change each particular day

...verse or sentence with its own melody, which "bolsters" the text. An antiphon is sung before and after every psalm

...monophonic choral music passed down through the ages. It is the first example we have of written music

...a pattern for psalm singing that could be adapted to any psalm

...two choruses singing alternating phrases

...a choir and a soloist singing alternating phrases

...just one choir singing an entire piece with no alternating phrases

...adds something fun and joyful to the chant

...chants that are built from Jubili

...an expansion of existing chant containing new music, new text, or both

...music academy, like a conservatory by today's standards

...book containing music for offices

...book containing music for Mass

...collection of the most often used chants found in the Antiphonal and Graduale

...Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, Lydian, Hypolydian, Mixolydian, Hypomixolydian

...Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian

...Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, Hypomixolydian

...diagram used as a teaching tool to teach students to sing specific intervals as teachers pointed to different spots on their hand

...Day of Wrath

...to do with the texts performed in a religious service

...The Gloria Patri

...chants that have one note per syllable

...an even mix of syllabic and melismatic qualities in the music

...chants that have many notes per syllable

...the addition of one or more voices to existing chant songs

...French medieval songs about heroes

...French battle song about the war hero named Roland

...the original chant sung with another voice a 5th below

...much like parallel organum, except not every voice moves parallel on every note

...voices move against each other creating new harmonies, which leads to polyphony

...the original chant is slowed down to an unrecognizable drone with new chant sung on top of it

...always the lowest voice

...the voice above the tenor

...the voice below the triplum voice

...the voice above the duplum voice

...a polyphonic work based on an existing chant melody

...organum with three voices

...organum with four voices

...organum that contained contrary motion, this is where rhythmic modes began their use

...when the cathedral was being built, musicians were inspired to write new music to fill the giant hall

...different generic rhythms were assigned to a mode to allow the chorus to follow the conductors instructions will performing

...a short piece of organum that closes with a cadence

...a processional tune set to rhymed, rhythmic, Latin poetry

...features one or more voices with its own text in Latin or French. Used borrowed chant material in its Tenor

...Music Handbook that instructed students how to write polyphony

...Largest collection of organum in the 11th century, originated from the Winchester Cathedral

...The Great Book of Polyphony

...songs written by travelling students

... musician who performed shows wherever they went to make money, much like modern day touring act

...dialect of Southern France, comes from langue d'oc

...language spoken in southern parts of France during and after the middle ages

...language spoken in northern France, which is closest to modern french

...a french poet-composer who wrote Monophonic (a single melodic line) songs; they didn't travel, but resided at the court

...AAB formula for songwriting

...a poet and composer of medieval Germany who wrote monophonic songs, particularly about love

...songs written by the German minnesingers that concentrated on the theme of love

...Late 13th century Englishman who is our primary source of knowledge for everything we know about Leoninus, Perotinus, and the Notre Dame school

...a treatise from the 13th century by Franco that suggested that music may have rhythms with defined length, brought about the end to rhythmic modes and the dawn of modern notation

...motets written by Franco without the use of rhythmic modes and with lines that were sung simultaneously in different languages

...collection of songbooks in French vernacular written by trouveres and troubadours