Modern World History Mid-term exam

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Famous artist/painter in the 15th century. Created "The Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"

This English philosopher argued that all men were born with natural rights (life, liberty and property) and that a government's purpose was to protect these rights

This was a movement that began when Martin Luther nailed the 95 theses to a castle church door in Germany. It split the Church in Europe

Emphasized human beings, their achievements, interests, and capabilities.

A council created by Pope Paul III to direct the reform of the Catholic Church.

An age that marked a great change for renewed interest in classical learning.

Henry VIII wanted a divorce so he took control of the church and changed it.

Changes that took place to fix the problems in the Catholic Church such as corruption among the clergy.

Missionary like people who were considered defenders and

a hypothesis that is a possible explanation to be tested.

women were expected to work a full day and be expected to do the work at home called the "double shift", Received half the pay of men, were preferred workers because of being obedient (doing what they are told)

caused by the increased medical advances.

A production method in which a worker repeatedly performs one task in the manufacturing process.

Women were the early factory workers during the industrial revolution because they could be paid less and they were more familiar with the work.

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded. (working class)

Also known as the cottage industry was a process of producing cloth in individual homes

This power enabled the growth of railroads and factories.

Known for improving the Steam Engine.

believed that capitalism was a failed system where the workers would ultimately revolt because it would create prosperity for few and poverty for many.

idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

The first developed goods from the first factories during the industrial revolution.

a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers

the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat

blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods; ultimately unsuccessful

Form of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor.

Political body of the French Revolution that controlled France during the Reign of Terror.

When women of Paris marched on the Palace of Versailles demanding the king and queen return to Paris.

the middle class, and the poor belonged to this estate in France during the late 1700's

This is the oath that the representatives of the third estate took when they swore that they would never disband until they had proper representation

Created by the Third Estate in France during the Estates-General Meeting

set up to restore a balance of power in Europe after Napoleon was defeated by placing hereditary (passed down from family to family) monarchies to the thrones.

Burning live stock and crops to prevent the enemy from living off the land. The Russians did this to prevent Napoleon from defeating them.

Leader of the Reign of Terror

French document that is similar to the American Declaration of Independence.

In France's old order the clergy belonged to this class.

Montesquieu's idea that in order to have a good government it must divide the government power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches

allowed European merchants to obtain great wealth by trading slaves for raw material.

believed that government needed to be strong to control people whom he believed were inherently evil. The only government that could do this would be an absolute monarchy.

in 1787, American leaders gathered in Philadelphia to revise but ended up creating a whole new Constitution.

Absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change

disguised himself as a peasant to learn their hardships, religious toleration, ended serfdom and censorship, sold Catholic property to build hospitals, treated people with kindness

Universal law that could be understood by applying reason; letting people govern themselves.

caused by a number of reasons one includes the excessive spending of King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette.

Defeated the Ottomans at Lepanto which increased Spanish power.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is known for the social contract that is an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s where Europeans first sailed to Africa to trade for slaves. Secondly, sailed to the America's to sell slaves for raw materials and natural resources. Lastly, sail to Europe to use the raw materials to make refined goods to start over again.

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages