Mid term2 331

Which scenario demonstrates the behaviorist theory regarding gender development?

You see a beautiful yellow flower while walking through a meadow. Your eyes seeing the flower is a matter of sensation. Your brain determining that the flower is yellow is a matter of _______.

When children are deprived of activity for a long time, they ________.

Authoritarian parents often ___________.

Child centered programs are often influenced by theories of Piaget and _______.

According to traditional behaviorism, personality is __________.

A child's typical activity during having the oral stage is ___________.

Children whose parents use psychological control as a means of discipline are more likely to ________.

One of the benefits of children imaginary friends is __________.

Javier's mother is a native Spanish speaker, and his father is a native English speaker. He hears both languages equally often and is addressed in Spanish by his mother and English by his father. If Javier is a typical toddler, how will his language skills be affected by this early experience?

What is criticism of Baumrind's classification of parenting styles?

Children reach half their adult height by the age of ______ years.

Children with a parent who does not have an optimal balance between emotional expression and emotional control may be likely to _________.

Frued claimed that during the anal stage______.

Which hormone is associated with encouraging caregiving behaviors?

Brain scans of children solving the day- night test reveal that ____ depends upon maturation of the prefrontal cortex.

The environment offers many opportunities to interact with whatever is perceived. These opportunities are know as ________.

Universal grammar is Chomsky's term for his observation that _________.

Janie is a 3-month-old infant participating in an experiment. She's lying in her crib with one end of a ribbon tied to her foot and the other end tied to a mobile dangling over her crib. She quickly learns that she controls the movement of the mobile with her kicking. One week later, the researchers return, tie the ribbon to her foot and hang the mobile above her crib. Immediately, Janie starts vigorously kicking her leg. What does this experiment demonstrate?

The brain develops extremely quickly in the first few years, but not all of this growth is permanent. Due to its rapidity and temporary nature, this rapid brain growth is called _____.

Jerome clings to his mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting _____ attachment behavior.

Today's children, especially those living in urban areas, spend more time _____ than playing outdoors.

The process through which unused dendrites atrophy and die is called _____.

Clean water, immunizations, and nourishing food have all had a dramatic impact on _____.

"You are your mom's daughter, right?" Grandpa asked Beatriz. "Yes!" Beatriz eagerly answered. "Well, your mom is my daughter," Grandpa replied.

Jessica is reading a story book aloud to her 3-year-old daughter, Abigail. Abigail's father says, "Why are you bothering? It's not like she's going to learn to read from that." What would you tell Abigail's father about reading to preschoolers?

A child who is too short for his or her age due to severe malnutrition is suffering from a condition called _____.

_____ is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen.

A study of 5-year-old children in Milwaukee showed that those who attended a Montessori preschool were more advanced in _____ skills than those who did not attend.

On average, children begin saying recognizable words at around _____ months of age.

Aggression used to obtain a toy or other object is _____.

An angry 5-year-old girl might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed _____.

At 6 weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is likely to be _____.

Developmentalists who believe that children are genetically programmed to defend and protect their parents subscribe to the belief that moral development predominantly comes from _____.

Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate _____.

Piaget called an infant's first period of cognitive development _____.

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child _____.

Caitlin, age 4, visited the city zoo, pointed to a zebra, and exclaimed, "Look at the horse with stripes!" In describing the zebra, she used _____.

The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a caregiver is called _____.

In the Strange Situation, a sign of secure attachment is _____.

Because emotional regulation requires practice, maturation, and work, it is referred to as _____.

By the age of _____, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.

Which factor fosters learning in young children?

Children who lack self-control are likely to have parents who have the _____ parenting style.

Synapses are _____.

Large movements that coordinate many parts of the body are known as _____ motor skills.

Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think _____.

Preoperational intelligence _____.

A basic nerve cell in the central nervous system is called a(n) _____.

Genes are most likely to influence which type of language?

In Freudian theory, a little boy who develops sexual feelings toward his mother and becomes jealous of his father is experiencing _____.

Based on research, attachment appears to be _____.

_____ learning takes place by observing others.

A few days ago, Hester's parents disciplined her because she refused to eat her green beans. Today when her parents announced that they were going to get a divorce, Hester cried, "Is it because I was bad? I'll be good!" Hester's conclusion that her failure to eat her green beans is the reason her parents are getting divorced displays Hester's _____.

Aaliyah lies in her bed at night, talking out loud. Her parents listen from the hallway and hear her talking about her day as if she's talking to another person. What should her parents conclude about Aaliyah's behavior?

Preschoolers try to construct a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as _____.

According to Vygotsky, within the context of cognition, language is a tool _____.

Joachim lives in the United States. His mother speaks to him in Spanish. His father speaks to him in German. His parents hope that Joachim will _____.

A newborn's brain weight is _____ an adult's brain weight.

Which is a language development that requires the understanding of another person's perspective?

Research has shown that the development of a theory of mind varies according to _____.

The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is _____.

According to the text, sociodramatic play may help children to develop _____.

Susan Beal hypothesized that _____ played a role in SIDS deaths.

The areas at the very front of the cortex _____.

According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses _____.

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called _____.

At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute?

An example of stage-three sensorimotor behavior is _____.

The sense that is the least functional at birth is an infant's _____.

In terms of early childhood learning, research has found that if the home educational quality is poor, then _____.

Mia and Claire are 3-year-olds at free play in their preschool. Mia has a lacy apron tied around her head like a wedding veil, and Claire has a sheer curtain tied over her shoulders like a cape. Each is holding a wand—one is a stick with a star on the end, and the other is a long Tinker Toy stick with one wheel connector at the end. When asked what they're doing, Mia says, "We're playing fairy. We're both fairies." What kind of play are they engaging in?

Compared to mothers, fathers are more likely to make their infants _____.

Binocular vision appears between _____ months of age.

The term holophrase is used to denote _____.

Increased levels of cortisol are associated with an infant experiencing _____.

Young children usually play best with _____.

The usual order of the development of spoken language in an infant is _____.

Greg is 10 months old, and he refuses to crawl across the visual cliff even though his mother is encouraging him to do so. When he was 6 months old, he squirmed across it without hesitation. What has changed for Greg?

Becky is a 4-month-old infant whose mother uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition when she speaks. Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

Which is an example of reactive aggression?

A child's active play during the childhood years correlates with _____.

Why are breast-fed babies less likely to contract infectious diseases than bottle-fed babies?

Research indicates that infants reach the stages of Piaget's sensorimotor intelligence _____ Piaget originally predicted.

What is the hallmark of prosocial behavior?

Logical extension involves _____.

The clinical term for an illness or disorder of the mind is _____.

Sunnymont Preschool has plenty of opportunities for the children to play dress-up, dance, build with blocks, finger-paint, and be creative. Sunnymont is most likely a _____ program.

When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as _____.

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the _____.

The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is _____.

Which theory states that gender role differences are rooted in a basic urge to reproduce?

A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called _____.

Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, Mason, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin "pancake." When Daryl asks Mason if there is now more Silly Putty, Mason replies "Yes" because he has _____.

Many Head Start graduates begin elementary school with improved literacy and math skills, but research has shown that these benefits often fade by first grade. Why?

Newborns prefer _____.

Which scenario is an example of antisocial behavior?

Based on the experience of the Romanian children who were institutionalized during the late twentieth century, what might be concluded about attachment?

The structures, rules, and techniques used to communicate meaning in language are called _____.

Jared, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing _____.

Overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates that _____.

Each time Juan puts a puzzle together, his father gives him a little less help. Which theorist would be pleased with Juan's father?

Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to _____.

The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to _____.

When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting _____.

Many developmentalists are concerned that modern children spend too little time _____.

A child's ability to add new vocabulary words very quickly is called _____.

The Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which a child thinks about the world only from his or her personal perspective is _____.

Neuroscience has proven true which statement about young bilingual children?

Developmentalists who focus on children's thinking about sex roles as opposed to the children's observable behaviors are _____ theorists.

The four dimensions of a parenting style are warmth, discipline, communication, and _____.

What is one of the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York Longitudinal Study?

A working model, according to cognitive theory _____.

Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance toward his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any rules for his children. His parenting style is _____.

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she _____.

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the _____ cortex.

Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?

_____ is a discipline technique that involves the parent talking to the child and helping the child to understand what he or she did wrong.

According to the text, girls are more vulnerable to _____ problems.

The process that first detects an external stimulus is _____.

In the DeLoach e et al. (2010) study of word learning in babies after watching DVDs such as "Baby Einstein," parent ratings of how much they thought their children lear ned from the videos ..

The DeLoache et al. (2010) study of word learning in babies after watching DVDs such as "Baby Einstein" used three experimental conditions. Wh at was the fourth "control" condition

The Radesky et al. (2014) study that looked at the role of infant self - regulation behavior in the amount o f TV viewing found ..

According to the Offit (2015) commentary on the paper by Gadad et al. (2015) on autism and vaccines, Dr. Andrew Wakefield proposed a model , now thoroughly debunked, whereby measles antibodies damaged what part of the body to allow encephalopathic prote ins (brain damaging) proteins enter the brain?

After the MMR vaccine and thimerosal (vaccine preservative) were dismissed as links between vaccines and autism, what was next listed as a potential link and sho wn to be wrong by the Gadad et al. (2015) paper