According to Indian tradition, the Vedas were first heard and carried orally around
8000-6000 BCE
Among many indigenous religious, the cosmos is thought to contain and be affected by numerous divinities, spirits, and also ancestors.
TRUE
The three major aspects of the deity in Hinduism are called
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva
The two great Hindu epics are called
The Ramayana
The Mahabharata
The Jain principle of nonattachment is called
Myths are symbolic stories that communities use to explain the universe and their place within it.
Explain the term hermeneutics.
Hermeneutics covers not only exegesis of written texts, but it also delves into past conditions such as prior understandings and suppositions, making it intersubjective
Listening to people of all faiths tell their stories is important to the study of religion because
intersubjective dialogue provides a means for the extension of one's own possibilities for growth and understanding
On the festival of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , Jains undertake a three-day fast and spend an entire night reciting hymns and meditating on Mahavira.
Divali
Following the ancient Vedic traditions, Hindu ritual fire ceremonies occur around a sacred fire place that is called an altar.
False
Drumming is spiritually important to the Yoruba because it
draws people close to unseen powers
The power of the feminine aspect of the divine is known as
Shakti
The majority of Indians today are members of at least one of the Jain ascetic orders.
False
Globalization has helped indigenous sacred ways to grow and thrive.
False
Indigenous peoples comprise at least 17% of the world's population.
False
Indigenous religious practices are often interwoven with the practices of a global religion.
True
The Hindu deity who reconciles darkness and light, good and evil, and creation and destruction in the eternal dance of life is called Shiva.
True
Demonstrate how dogma helps people find security in their religions.
Dogma is a system of doctrines proclaimed as absolutely true and accepted as such, even if they lie beyond the domain of one's personal experiences. Absolute faith provides people with a sense of rootedness, meaning, and orderliness
The nineteenth century spiritual leader who recognized the Divine Mother in everything, including a cat, was named
Ramakrishna
The order of ascetic Jain monks noted for their nudity is called "sky-clad," or
Digambaras
Many Jains cover their mouths to avoid breathing in pollutants that could contaminate the purity of their bodies.
False
What is the name for a Hindu spiritual teacher?
Guru
Extended metaphors that use concrete symbols to convey abstract ideas are known as mystics.
False
The belief that there is no deity is called
atheism
Descendants of original inhabitants of lands now controlled by larger political systems are called
indigenous peoples
The Hindu word for religion, which also refers to duty, natural law, social welfare, ethics, health, wealth, power, and so on, is
dharma
Jiva means
soul
The father of modern, independent India who taught nonviolent resistance to military and industrial oppression was
Mahatma Gandi
The ancient compendium of mythological narratives on the origins of the cosmos, life, deities, humanity; stories of legendary heroes; and actions of the deity are called
thte Puranas
Numinous is a nonrational, nonsensory experience of that which is totally outside the self and cannot be described.
True
Hindu death rituals require cremation, followed by the ritual immersion of bone and ash in the waters of a holy river.
True
Attempts to define religion are difficult because
religionis a complex and elusive topic that involves insititional, cultural, and spiritual dimensions.
The Jain principle of non-absolutism is called
Anekantwad
The complex system of hierarchies and inequalities that constitutes life in India is referred to by the English word
caste
Native peoples consider themselves caretakers of their mother, the earth.
true
How many basic principles do Jains hold?
three
Exegesis is the critical explanation or interpretation of rituals.
false
A Hindu woman's role is usually linked to her husband's, who takes the position of her god and teacher.
true
Today Hinduism is experiencing a vibrant growth beyond the Indian subcontinent.
true
for all life is the attitude held by Indigenous elders.
respect
Nontheistic refers to a lack of religious belief.
false
Despite their geographical diversity, indigenous religions all operate within the same social context.
false
Dreamtime refers to the Australian aboriginal understanding of the
time before time began
Compare the perspectives of agnosticism and secularism.
An agnostic does not deny the divine but feels "I don't know whether it exists or not." A secularist goes about daily life without any reference to religion, and all focus is on the material world
Hindu philosophical systems include both dualistic and monistic viewpoints.
true
Historians of Hinduism agree that "Aryans" invaded and influenced the Indus Valley.
false
The ultimate goal in Hinduism is to make good karma in order to achieve a good incarnation in the next life.
false
Hindu sacred texts that instruct worshippers how to honor the feminine divine are called
tantras
Only priests perform the predictable and repeated actions known as rituals.
false
The word Jain derives from this term, meaning "winner over one's passions."
Jina
Pilgrimages are important but rarely undertaken by Hindus due to the remote and mountainous locations of many sacred places.
false
Jainism's major teacher for this age is
Mahavira
Among peoples who perceive kinship with all creation, a striking feature of the natural environment - such as a great mountain - may be perceived as the center from which the whole world was created.
true
Indigenous sensitivities are playing an important role in environmental preservation.
true
The order of Jain monks who feel that women are capable of the same spiritual achievements as men is called "white-clad," or
Svetembaras
Indigenous spirituality may be described as
a lifeway that ideally pervades all moments
Approximately how old are shamanic methods estimated to be?
20,000-30,000 years old
The Jain principle of nonviolence is called
Ahimsa
The religious term that means a model of the origins of the universe is
cosmogonies
Scientific materialism asserts that
only the material world
Shamans should not be confused with people who use black magic to hurt others, which are known as
sorcerers
Spiritual disciplines designed to clear the mind and support a state of serene, detached awareness are called
yoga
When indigenous ways were threatened with repression, many of the traditions were practiced
in secret
Jainism rejects the idea of a cycle of death and rebirth.
false
A symbol for the unity of all things that many indigenous cultures use is that of the
Circle
The Yup'ik of southwestern Alaska know animals as
thinking, feeling fellow begins
A common theme in indigenous lifeways is developing an appropriate relationship with spiritual energy.
true
The psychologist Carl Jung proposed that the reason there are similarities among symbols in different cultures is
humanity has a collective unconscious, a global psychic inheritance of archetypal symbols
Those who are called religious liberals take a more flexible approach to religious tradition.
true
An allegory is an effective kind of religious narrative because it
uses symbolic language to convey an abstract idea
Myths are symbolic stories that communities use to explain the universe
true
Redaction refers to the __________ of scripture
editing
In most native cultures, spiritual lifeways are shared through written documents.
false
The karma-run wheel of birth, death, and rebirth is called
Samsara
The Dahomey tradition from West Africa was carried to Haiti by African slaves and called
Vodou
The discipline that attempts to understand and compare religious patterns found around the world is known as
comparative religion
The word religion probably means to
tie back, to tie again
Phenomenology is the
study of religious practices to comprehend their meaning for practitioners
Those who claim they worship the only true deity are known as
exclusivist
Brahmin priests who are trained in Vedic practices and in the proper recitation of Sanskrit texts are called
Pujaris
The jolliest of all Hindu festivals, characterized by the throwing of colored powder, and celebrated at the advent of spring is called
Holi
When after a ritual purification, an individual is sent alone to a sacred spot in order to experience a personal connection with the spirits, they are said to undergo a
vision quest
In patriarchal institutionalized religions, women have been
relegated to the fringes of religious organizations
Charles Darwin's On The Origin of Species propounded the theory of
evolution by natural selection
Hindu tradition teaches that the Vedas are not the work of humans
true
Among shamans, medicine power is considered spiritually
neutral
Orthodox followers of a religion believe that practices must change with the times.
false
Shamans focus only on healing physical illness.
false
The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ theory holds that scientific discoveries of the complexities and perfections of life can be said to prove the existence of a creator.
intelligent design
Symbolic stories that communities use to explain the universe and their place within it are called.
myth
The rare quality of personal magnetism often ascribed to founders of religion is called
charismas
Jains seek to free their souls by rigorous ascetic practices.
true
The Hindu god of fire is called
Agni
The word spirituality refers to
the inner dimensions of religion - such as experiences
Hinduism is largely separable from other dharmic traditions, such as Buddhism or Janism.
false
A guru's feet are believed to emanate great power, so devotees will often bend to touch the feet of their spiritual teachers.
true
The Indigenous American practice of cleansing sites and "possessions" with smoke from special herbs is called
smudging
The oldest of the known Vedic scriptures is the
Rig Veda
Describe a functional perspective on religion.
A functional perspective is that religions "do things" for us, such as helping us to define ourselves and making the world and life comprehensible to us
Metaphysics is important to religion because it
theorizes about the subtle realities that transcend the natural world
Jains often work in the fishing and farming industries.
False
By definition, all religions have creedal statements of belief.
False
Indigenous sacred ways are not static but change with time.
True
Researchers have identified many similarities in the use of symbols across different cultures.
True
The major teachers in Janism are called the
Tirthankaras
