Major Philosophies Of Education

-Realism

-To educate the rational person; to cultivate intellect

-Focus on past & permanent studies; mastery of facts and timeless knowledge.

-Classical subject;literary analysis; constant curriculum

-Great Books Paideia proposal.

- Idealism; realism

-To promote the intellectual growth of the individual; to educate the competent person.

-Essential skills and academic subjects; mastery of concepts and principles of subject matter.

-Teacher is authority in his or her field; explicit teaching of traditional values.

-Essential skills and essential subjects (Math, Science, History, & Foreign Language)

-Back to basics: execellence in education.

- Pragmatism (P)

-To promote democratic, social living.

-Knowledge lends to growth and development; a living-learning process; focus on active and interesting learning

- Teacher is a guide for problem solving and scientific inquiry.

-Based on students interests; involves the application of human problems and affairs; interdisciplinary subject matter; activities and projects.

-Relevant curriculum; humanistic education; alternative and free schooling. (Dewey)

- Pragmatism (S)

-To improve and reconstruct society; education for change and social reform.

-Skills and subjects needed to identify and ameliorate problems of society; learning is active, concerned with contemporary and future society.

-Teacher serves as an agent of change and reform; acts as a project director and research leader, helps students become aware of problems confronting humanity.

-Emphasis on social sciences and social research; examining social, economic, and political problems; focus on present and future trends.

- Equality of education; cultural pluralism; international education; futurism.

- Marxism

- To challenge and deconstruct society, the status quo, powerful oppressors; to teach citizens to act politically for social justice.

-Focus on how the world works to privilege some and not others; awareness of race, class, gender, sexuality, and disability politics.

-Teacher acts with conscience and resolve as a social agent of change in the world of students.

-Teacher acts with conscience and resolve as a social agent of change in the world with students.

-Some forms of service learning socially active, alternative education programs.

-Teacher helps students think rationally; based on the Socratic Method and oral exposition; explicit teaching of traditional values.